考研英语作文一（精选8篇）
考研英语作文一 第1篇
As is symbolically depicted in the picture, two men show different attitudes towards a fallen bottle. A great deal of water is flowing out of the bottle. The man on the left complains, “it is all done”, with one hand covering one of his eyes. On the contrary, the man on the right is about to pick up the bottle, saying, “it is lucky to have some left”.
In fact, the metaphorical picture intends to reveal that positive attitude is of utmost importance in one’s life. Considering the importance and necessity of this spirit, I feel responsible to discuss it further. To begin with, optimism could be regarded as a traditional Chinese virtue that could be handed down from generation to generation. Furthermore, this character plays an indispensable role in success. It is truly the fundamental attribute of top performers, which separate the high achievers from the rest of the pack. For example, Albert Einstein, honored for his success in the theory of relativism, is always remembered for his optimism, which shines through every chapter of his life.
To sum up, it is imperative for us to take some measures to enhance positive attitude in our society. The time is right for us to take full advantage of ample existing opportunities. We should do our utmost to promote and advocate this spirit. Only in this way can our society become a better place for us to live in. (238 words)
考研英语作文一 第2篇
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should
1) describe the drawing briefly
2) explain its intended meaning, and
3) give your comments
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)
Emerging from the cartoon is an eye-catching scene that a mass of graduates are at a critical turning point on the way to the future. A variety of choices, such as finding a job, going further education or abroad, and doing pioneering work, lie in front of them.
The implication echoed by this cartoon can be summarized as a philosophic topic in our daily life：the success of a man is directly related to the choice made by himself. Nevertheless, I cherish a belief that we can not tell whether the selection is good or not, and as long as we adhere to our decision success will be realized step by step. Although making choice is essential to help determine the direction of our way, judged from the personal aspect, persistence functions as an indispensable driving force to keep up our spirit and to assist us to fulfill our study and work. However, some people, pacing up and down, are not industrious and try to find a short-cut success. In fact, only those who are hard-working and brave enough to encounter obstacles of all sorts are most likely to reach the summit of success.
英语作文教学方法一二谈 第3篇
一、打好扎实的基本功
第一、首先要调动学生主动学习的积极性。有的学生对此弱项报舍弃态度, 情愿把精力放在其他方面, 也不愿花过多的时间和精力来提高自己的写作能力。所以要先教书育人, 把外语学习与理想和目标教育联系起来教育学生, 使他们充分认识到学好外语是时代的要求, 是培养跨世纪人才的需要。只有学好外语, 才能更好地运用这一交际工具为祖国现代化服务, 从而树立为国、为民而学的远大理想和奋斗目标, 使学生产生持久的动力, 保持长久的、旺盛的精力。这样才能提高学生的学习兴趣和积极性, 推动语言运用能力的持续提高。
第二、要加强词汇、语法、句型教学及操练。要打好语言能力基础, 词汇量是写作的基本建筑材料之一。得心应手地遣词造句, 对于表达文章的思想内容和风格特点具有重要的作用。词汇量不足或掌握得不好, 都会给写作带来困难。因而, 在进行词汇教学时, 教师不仅要教足词汇量, 还要讲清楚每个词的每个意义的使用条件、用法及搭配关系, 进行典型同义词、近义词比较, 点出构词法等。在通过例句说明的同时, 让学生模仿造句, 使学生真正掌握其用法及语义特点。学生只有在较好地掌握了充足词汇量的基础上, 写作时才能做到随心所欲地选择适合文章主体和风格的词、意义确切的词、表.达清晰和生动的词、形象具体的词, 以及符合英语惯用法的词, 以达到较好的表达效果。另外, 语法规则与句型, 是英语写作必备的另一种重要建筑材料。学生在初、高中已经学过基本语法知识与句型, 由于缺乏操练, 并没有很好地掌握。因此, 在教学实践中, 还必须加强基础语法与句型的训练, 同时注重汉译英与造句练习。句子是作文的基本单位, 一个句子表达一个完整的思想。成功的作文是由清晰的、合乎语法规则的句子组成的。所以, 加强词汇教学, 注重语法与句型操练, 打好句子基础, 是提高写作水平的重要环节。
第三、努力创造课内外的语言环境, 学生的各项语言技能是相互依存、相互促进的。教师在课堂上组织教学的过程就是与学生交际的过程。教师在教学实践过程中, 应以学生为中心, 尽量多给学生提供机会和情景。让他们进行模仿、回答、复述等, 以促进他们写作能力的形成。
组织课外活动小组, 是弥补课内操练时间不足的有效办法, 开展活动时, 可联系自己的生活实际, 叙述自己的思想及课文学习后的体会等。听说能力的提高, 必然会促进写作能力的提高。
二、掌握一定的写作技巧
有了扎实的基本功, 还应掌握一定的写作技巧。据统计, 近几年全国英语高考卷中的写作, 主要是关于记人、叙事、写信和通知或看图作文等内容的记叙文、议论文和应用文。
记叙文要求考生根据考卷中提供的信息, 组织语言材料, 编写成文。一般说来, 记叙文有时间、地点、人物、时间、原因和结果六要素, 写作时要明确清楚地给予表达。记人时, 要注意介绍人物的身世、经历和事迹等。叙事时要描写事情发生与发展的过程, 叙述事情发生的前因后果等。
议论文要求学生就某一方面的问题通过摆事实、讲道理的方式来发表自己的看法。一般说来, 议论文有论点、论据、论证三部分组成。要做到:1、论点要正确无误。2、论据要可靠充分。论据可以是人们公认的真理, 也可以是经过实践考证的经典著作。3、论证要合理严密。人们常用的论证方法有归纳法、推理法、对比法。议论文一般按提出问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排层次。
英语应用文主要以写信为主。英文写信由6个部分组成。他们是信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语和签字。格式一定要正确。
无论是记叙文、议论文还是应用文, 在具体的写作过程中, 我们不防按如下顺序进行。
首先, 认真审题立意, 确定写作中心。找出根据这个中心能够扩展的材料有哪些。要避免写那些与中心内容无关紧要的细节。以命题作文“The Teacher I Admire Most”为例, 文章的主题是关于记叙我最欣赏的一位老师, 因而就不能泛泛谈论老师这一职业或自己的几位老师。
其次, 围绕中心, 列出写作提纲。提纲一定要包含所提供的情景、要点, 同时要尽量使用自己熟悉的词汇与句型。仍以“The Teacher I Admire Most”为例。提纲可以这样写:1) Who is the teacher I admire most 2) My reasons.3) What can I learn from the teacher.第三, 根据字数多少, 扩展成篇。扩展的内容一定要紧扣主题, 千万不要写那些与主题不相关的内容。扩展时要注意短文地字数, 以避免由于字数不够引起的扣分
三、在写的过程中也有些窍门, 以下几点可供参考
1. 在整篇文章中, 避免只是用一、两个句式。
要灵活运用各种句式。如倒装句、强调句、省略句、主从复合句、对比句、分词短语、介词短语等。
2.
使用不同长度的句子, 通过分句和合句, 增强句子地连贯性和表现力。
3. 改变句子的开头方式, 不要一味以主、谓、宾、状的次序。
可以把状语至于句首, 或用分词等。
考研英语作文一 第4篇
写作是主观题目，同一主题可以有不同的表达方法，行文也没有统一的标准。然而，笔者还是建议各位考生采用老掉牙的“三段法”，因为这种写法最通俗也最保险，清晰明了，易于把握，也易于阅卷者评价。考生若能熟练掌握这一写作方法，即可省去不少构思时间，以便在行文上多下功夫。
首段：描述漫画，点明寓意
写首段时，考生首先要描述漫画内容，然后再点明漫画寓意。根据笔者多年的教学经验，对多数考生来说，描述漫画是写作中最难的部分。因为写作的主题可以预测，时事热点也可以预测，但漫画本身却不可预测，无法提前准备。那是不是说考生对漫画描述就束手无策，只能听天由命了？当然不是！在笔者看来，漫画其实也是一种语言—图片语言。考生若想迅速地将其解构为文字语言，可以依照如下三个环节对其进行解读。
1.拆分：拆分漫画内容，提取重点信息，并将信息一一罗列。
2.转换：将上述信息用英语句子表达出来。
3.重组：将这些分散的英语句子组合成句式高级、逻辑清晰的一两句话。
上述三个环节中，与漫画本身关系最密切的是第一环，而针对不同的漫画，考生用于拆分和提取信息的方法也会不同。如果漫画描述的是一件正在发生的事或是一个故事，那么考生可以按照故事或事件发生的先后顺序进行描述；如果漫画描绘的是一个静态空间，考生不妨按照空间顺序，采取从左到右或从总体到细节的顺序对漫画加以描述，具体顺序依题目来定；如果漫画既呈现出了时间关系，又呈现出了空间关系，那么考生在描述时就要将两者结合起来。下面我们以2011年的真题“旅程之‘余’”为例，看看同时包含这两种关系的漫画该如何描述。漫画中，船、湖、年轻情侣和垃圾等要素之间呈现的是空间关系，而情侣吃零食、向早已漂满垃圾的湖面上扔东西的情景则呈现出时间关系。在描述时，这两种关系都应有所体现。首先，考生可以将这幅漫画的内容拆分成以下四点：①一只船在湖中漂流；②一对年轻情侣坐在船上；③他们在吃零食并将包装袋扔入湖中；④湖面充斥着垃圾。然后，考生可以将上述信息点转换成英文表达出来：① In the lake drifts a boat. ② On the boat sits a young couple. ③ They are eating snacks and casting the packaging into the lake. ④ The lake is filled with refuse.接下来，考生可以通过定语从句、现在分词作状语等方式将上述四句话组合成一个复杂句：“In the lake drifts a boat， on which sits a young couple eating snacks and casting the packaging into the lake that is filled with refuse.”最后，考生可以对这句话进行一定的“包装”和润色，使之成为完整的漫画描述句：“The picture/photo/cartoon shows a lake in which drifts a boat， on which sits a young couple eating snacks and casting the packaging into the lake， which is filled with refuse.”
描述完漫画内容之后，考生要进一步挖掘其深层内涵及寓意，即explain its intended meaning。纵观历年真题，漫画要表达的寓意主要为两类：一是反映某种社会现象，二是表达某种大众观点。考生要根据漫画本身的内容，并结合文字说明来判断其所反映的到底是什么。仍以“旅程之‘余’”为例，这幅漫画反映的是人们在旅游观光时污染环境的现象。因此，考生可以在描述完漫画后写道：“The picture illustrates the phenomenon of environmental threat to scenic spots.”
再如，在2010年的真题中，漫画上呈现的是一个正在冒热气的火锅，火锅里炖着“佛”“儒”“后现代”“莎士比亚”等各种“文化食材”，漫画下方则写着“文化‘火锅’，既美味又营养”的字样。由此可见，这幅漫画所反映的是文化融合的现象，而漫画下方的文字则表明人们对文化融合的肯定态度。因此，考生可以在描述完漫画后写道：“The picture reveals a belief shared by many people that cultural integration is both enjoyable and meaningful.”
中间段：分析社会现象/讨论大众观点
如果说首段是“提出问题”，那么中间段就是“分析问题”。考研英语作文的篇幅并不长，因此，如何在有限的字数内做出有一定深度和广度的讨论和分析，确实需要考生们仔细思考。
人们常说：“Everything happens for a reason.”任何社会现象的出现都有其原因，而且原因往往不止一个。此外，一种社会现象会带来什么影响也值得人们关注。因此，如果一幅漫画反映的是某种社会现象，考生就要“溯来龙（原因）”“追去脉（影响）”，对其进行全面剖析。例如，2005年的真题“养老‘足球赛’”反映的是老人无人赡养的现象。该现象由多种因素共同造成，考生需要在中间段进行论述时一一列出：“The reasons why more and more people are unwilling to support their parents are obvious. Nowadays， people， particularly the middle-aged， are busy climbing the ever-steeper career ladder， spending much time on work； thus， they have limited time to spend with their parents. Another factor that we cannot ignore is that when people grow old， they are prone to various physical and mental weaknesses； to make things worse， some of the elderly are unable to live on their own， thereby requiring daily care. For these reasons we can understand why a growing number of aged people are left unattended.”
而如果一幅漫画反映的是某种大众观点，考生就要对其正确与否进行判断。因为观点是对社会现象的评论，如果评论得当，考生可以“点赞”，肯定此种观点；如果评论不当，考生可以“吐槽”，论述此种观点有何不妥。例如，2004年的真题“终点又是新起点”想要表达的是“在生活中不断树立新目标会使人们获益良多”的观点。对于此种观点，大多数考生都持肯定态度。因此，考生可以采用正反结合的论证方法，先举一个成功人士的例子来支持这种观点，然后再从反面论述，如果一个人取得了一定成功之后就不思进取，那么这个人以后就不太可能再获得成功。例文如下：“No doubt people gain by setting new goals for their lives. Take the famous scientist Thomas Edison for example. He had done very well in his early life， but continued to succeed by pursuing ever more difficult things throughout his life. If one is obsessed with the success he has already achieved， he will lose the chance to pursue new successes. What is more， he may become the slave of his success. There are many cases showing people losing their drive to better themselves after becoming successful.”
尾段：说看法，提建议
尾段的写法比较灵活，主要是表达考生的个人看法，然后提出建议。那么建议该如何提呢？笔者建议考生采用“从内到外、由近及远、层层递进”的方式。也就是说，考生在提建议时，可以从“向内”和“向外”两方面考虑。
所谓“向内”提建议，是要说明漫画的当事人（如“养老‘足球赛’”中的子女）应该做什么。如果他们的行为与想法得当，应继续保持；如果错误，则应该认真改过。
（当事人） should change their thoughts on ... （错误的想法）
（当事人） should accept ... （更好的想法）
（当事人） must stop doing ... （错误的行为）
而所谓“向外”提建议，是要说明当事人之外的人（如父母、亲人、同学、朋友以及政府、媒体、学校等）能够做什么，来帮助或督促当事人解决问题。
The government can introduce new policies to ... （改变现状/遏制某种行为）
The legislature can enact new laws to ... （打击某种行为/维护某种权利）
Public media can put up advertisements to ... （弘扬正气/倡导某种行为等）
Educators can give lectures to ... （鼓励人们……/ 建议人们……）
例如，针对“养老‘足球赛’”，考生就可以采取这种“从内到外”的方式来提建议，在点明子女该如何做之后，指出立法机关、公众媒体应该采取怎样的行动。例文如下：“From my point of view， the grown-up children should raise their awareness of taking care of their parents. They need to pay attention to the mental and physical status of the elderly. What’s more， effective measures must be taken to change the current situation. For example， the legislature can enact new laws to protect the rights of aged people. Meanwhile， public media should put up advertisements to call attention to the virtue of filial piety among the Chinese. Only through these measures can we see a more harmonious society in the future.”
上述这种“从内到外”的建议方式比较适合反映某种社会现象的漫画作文。如果一幅漫画反映的是大众观点，考生只需对其进行总结，然后提出一条简单的建议即可。例如，针对2010年的“文化‘火锅’”，考生就可以在结尾段提出，既然文化融合是好事，那么就应该鼓励文化工作者创作出更多具有文化融合特征的作品。例文如下：“Since cultural integration both helps save traditional Chinese culture and meets the growing needs of Chinese people， it is necessary to further the practice—encouraging Chinese cultural practitioners to produce more products in the spirit of cultural integration.”
考研英语一真题：大作文 第5篇
20考研英语一真题。
年考研英语考试已结束，考研教育网现将2014考研英语真题整理如下，供考生参考。
【精彩推荐】
2014年考研真题及答案汇总
2014年考研英语考后讨论区
考研英语作文 高分句型一 第6篇
1) There are other techniques that might help you with you studying.
2) There is more entertainment in a good book than is a month of typical TV programming.
3) Most curious of all， there was no quality control whatever.
4) There were no breaks in the day to relieve the boring work.
5) In the past 50 years there has been a great increase in the amount of research being done on the brain.
6) There are so many of thee paths and so many metal particles that it is impossible to land a flying saucer without is being smashed by one.
7) There is much that we can learn from him today.
8) There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and act on it with effect， those who take the other side will of course resent your actions.
9) There is no sense(道理)in leaving important decisions to inexperienced people.
10) There is little sense in treating the child so severely. After all he is too young to know that he was doing wrong.
11) There is no surgical patient I cannot treat competently， treat just as well as or better than any other surgeon.
12) There were still situations in which I couldnt be certain my decision had been the right one.
13) Theres no right or wrong in the situation. There’s just luck.
14) Theres no way to prepare for the next time―no intelligent response to a gun.
15) There is no way to stop the process of aging. In fact， we can only delay it.
16) There are other indications that high school cheating may be on the rise (还有一些迹象表明)
17) There is some evidence that dishonesty may ebb and flow(起伏波动)
18) Today there is evidence that the time between each of the steps in this cycle has been shortened.
19) There can be on doubt that he is the right person for the job.
20) There is no doubt that their support will make a difference in out cause .
21) There is no doubt that these measures will contribute to the solution of the problem.
22) There is no doubt that Jim had more talent than anybody who ever played football.
23) Theres no substitute(替代物) for practical experience.
24) There is urgent need to debate this issue openly
25) There are tow ways in which one can own a book.
26) There have been some small fluctuation(波动) in the past year， but by and large prices have remained stable.
2012年考研英语一作文预测 第7篇
Directions: Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80-100 English words on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)
经济全球化的主要原因
20世纪50年代初以来，经济全球化获得迅猛发展。简单归纳，其原因主要包括以下几个方面：
全球化的技术基础。科技进步为全球化快速发展提供了物质基础和技术手段。科技革命是经济全球化发展的最根本的物质基础和动力，历史上历次科技革命都促进了社会生产力的飞跃发展，同时也促进了整个世界的融合。20世纪50年代以电子技术和信息技术等为主要标志的新的科技革命的兴起，使科技日益成为社会生产力发展的先导，成为影响生产力发展的至关重要的因素。科技知识在社会生产的各个领域中得到广泛传播和运用，劳动者的智能和技能得到进一步的开发，创造出越来越多的物质和精神财富，极大地促进了世界生产力的发展，生产社会化程度日益提高，国际分工日益深化，各国经济以此为基础紧密相联，世界经济进入一个全新的繁荣时期。同时，新科技革命使得科技成果积累的速度大大加快，新材料、新产品不断涌现，大量高技术产业不断产生，在世界范围内促进了产业结构的调整和转移，新的产业布局开始形成，以信息技术和产业为主导，以高新技术为基础的新兴产业部门也蓬勃兴起并迅速发展，快速取代了传统产业而逐渐成为经济的主导部门推进的重要动力源。
全球化的经济基础。市场经济体制的强势地位不断增强，跨国公司的突飞发展，国际经济组织的不断完善为经济全球化奠定了坚实的经济基础。
首先，市场经济体制成为世界各国发展经济的首选。20世纪80年代末至90年代初，世界形势发生了重大变化，东欧剧变，苏联解体，40多年的冷战格局最终结束。冷战结束后，国际形势总体上走向缓和。各国纷纷把发展经济列为首要目标，普遍扩大了对外开放，和平与发展成为当今时代的两大主题。前苏联和东欧国家先后走上了向市场经济过渡的轨道，改行自由市场经济，并积极致力于融入西方经济体系。中国在长期的实践中，也逐渐认识到计划经济的不足和弊端，自1978年起开始实行以市场为导向的、全面的经济改革，大力推行对外开放，努力实现同世界经济的接轨，目前已成为世界经济的重要组成部分。这一切都说明，市场经济体制已成为不同制度、不同发展层次国家的共同选择，市场经济已基本实现了全球化，经济全球化是以市场为基础的，没有市场经济就没有生产要素在国际间的自由流动，就谈不上经济全球化。
其次，力量不断壮大的跨国公司成为经济全球化的中坚力量。跨国公司是以本国作为基地，通过对外直接投资，在世界各地设立分支机构和子公司，从事国际化生产和经营的企业。跨国公司凭借其雄厚的经济实力和灵活的经营战略，以全球为工厂，以它所在的各个国家为车间，在全球范围内充分利用各地的优势组织生产和流通，通过自己广泛的经营活动，实现了商品和资本等生产要素在全球范围内的整合，促进了生产在国家间的水平分工和垂直分工，使之密切联系在一起，从而为经济全球化的发展打下了坚实的微观基础，并成为经济全球化的主要推动力量和主要载体。
最后，国际经济组织是经济全球化发展的组织保障。二战结束以后，生产力的不断提高，生产力的国际化使得越来越多的商品、资本、劳动进入国际交流。各国的国际分工和相互依赖性不断增强。这种日益增强的经济联系要求突破原有的国家间的障碍，实现全球范围内的更高层次的经济合作，这就要求有超脱于国家之外的国际经济组织发挥重要作用。战后，国际经济日益明显，国际经济协作不断加强。在当今国际经济关系中，世行、世贸组织、国际货币基金组织等世界性经济组织的调节作用越来越大，而且还出现出进一步增强的趋势。世贸组织(WTO)所制定的关于贸易、投资等方面的制度和规则，成为规范全球经济运行，创造自由、公平竞争环境的统一制度和规则，作为世界金融领域的重要国际组织，即国际货币基金组织(IMF)和世界银行(WB)也在国际金融全球化进程中扮演了重要的角色。这些国际经济组织的成立使得国际贸易和国际金融运行有了统一的规则，对成员国的经贸活动和经济行为起着协调和规范作用。这些都为经济全球化的发展起着制度保障作用。(1590字)
参考范文：
Fundamental Causes of Economic Globalization
Economic globalization has been progressing rapidly since the beginning of the 1950s.Several factors have contributed to such development.Firstly, advancements in science and technology have offered a technical foundation by providing the material basis and the technical means.Meanwhile, a solid economic foundation for such a globalization has been laid by the market economy which is prevailing over the world.Others factors include the pillaring and propelling role of multinationals in micro-economic operations, the ever growing coordinating and controlling power and function exercised by such international economic organizations as WTO, IMF and WB in the international trade and finance。(100 words)2.金融类
Directions: Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80-100 English words on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)
金融危机
金融危机又称金融风暴，是指一个国家或几个国家与地区的全部或大部分金融指标(如：短期利率、货币资产、证券、房地产、土地(价格)、商业破产数和金融机构倒闭数)的急剧、短暂和超周期的恶化。
金融危机可以分为货币危机、债务危机、银行危机等类型。近年来的金融危机越来越呈现出某种混合形式的特征。
金融危机的特征是人们基于经济未来将更加悲观的预期，整个区域内货币币值出现幅度较大的贬值，经济总量与经济规模出现较大的损失，经济增长受到打击。往往伴随着企业大量倒闭，失业率提高，社会普遍的经济萧条，甚至有些时候伴随着社会动荡或国家政治层面的动荡。
金融危机的产生大多数情况是由经济泡沫引起的，而产生危机的背景非常复杂，有多方面的因素。以21世纪最大的美国金融危机为例，追根溯源，主要有以下几方面促因。(1)美国的消费习惯。借钱(贷款)消费是普遍的生活方式。年轻人收入少，但消费多；老年人退休后享受优越的退休金，但消费相对少。所以，年轻人多借钱消费(包括向父母借钱，这与中国不同)。而且，美国发达、完善的信用体制使几乎所有人的消费靠借钱来完成。而从储蓄模式来看，美国人的储蓄率历来很低，近年来，一直在零储蓄率上徘徊。要消费，只能靠借钱。经济增长模式。美国的经济增长主要依靠消费驱动。其消费率长期为70%左右，投资率为15%左右，国际贸易方面严重入超。
(2)经济管理思想。自上世纪70年代发生经济“滞涨”以后，凯恩斯主义的“国家干预”政策遭到新古典自由主义的强烈批评，此后，新自由主义思潮受到追捧。80年代的“华盛顿共识”所倡导的“经济自由、私有化、减少管制”成为指导西方国家经济走向的主要道具。
(3)经济环境与具体政策工具。美国2000年后陷入高科技泡沫破裂后的短暂衰退之中，在美联储前主席格林斯潘的主持下，连续13次大幅度消减联邦基准利率，从最高6.5%下降到1%，强行向市场注入流动性资金，扼住了经济下滑，也拉动了美国房地产连续多年繁荣。这正是这次次贷危机乃至金融危机爆发的直接导火线。在21世纪的最初几年里，同样的低利率政策，为什么美国偏偏房地产行业得以相对发展，而不是其他行业呢？原因是：网络等高科技产业高速发展导致的泡沫破灭后，进入一个成长停滞期，抑制了大量资金对该行业的投入；20世纪六、七十年代，随着劳动力成本的不断提升，美国制造业，尤其是劳动密集型产业大量外移，形成国内产业空心化，加之服务业在繁荣之后的替代更新需要一定的时滞期，所以，这些行业投资机会较少。而且，从90年代开始，美国的房产一直处于稳定的状态。在这种情况下，流动性资金开始注入该行业。(1034字)
参考范文
Financial Crisis
Financial crisis, also known as financial tsunami, refers to the dramatic deterioration of the financial indicators of a certain country or several countries and regions in the world.It can be classified as currency crisis, debt crisis, banking crisis, sub-loan crisis, etc.The feature of the crisis is that people are pessimistic about the economic future because of monetary depreciation occurring throughout the region.The causes for the crisis are complicated with multiple reasons, mainly from three aspects, i.e., the U.S.consumption habits of borrowing, the idea of free economic management, and the economic environment and specific policy instruments.(99 words)
3.管理类
Directions: Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80-100 English words on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)
改变市场还是适应市场
身处一个充满着不确定性因素的市场环境，企业是去改变它，还是去适应它？长期以来，这一直是企业管理者所面临的最为关键的企业发展策略选择之一。在某种程度上，这种选择就像一场赌博。这种选择不仅严酷，而且无法回避，要么去改变市场，要么去适应市场，对大多数企业而言，这两种策略选择都是排他的。如果你想静待不确定性消失而后动，则可能会白白丧失一个获得先发优势的良机。
改变市场和适应市场这两种策略在实践中表现为不同的形式。一般来讲，市场的改变者往往会通过促使整个行业的行为方式发生变化而控制不确定性。为了做到这一点，有的企业会设法使自己的技术或业务流程成为新的行业标准；另外一些企业会致力于引进创新的产品、服务以及业务系统来重新定义行业竞争的基础，在这一方面，美国西南航空公司采取低价和点到点空运模式，戴尔公司率先实施直销策略等，都是很好的例子；还有一些市场改变者通过大胆的兼并或收购来重组不稳定的行业环境，这方面的例子也不少见。
与市场改变者不同的是，市场适应者总是把现在和未来的行业市场结构和竞争行为当做是已有的外部环境。当市场稳定时，市场适应者试图在现存的行业市场结构之内谋求一个有利的位置。而当不确定性增加时，他们会根据市场的变化借助速度和灵活性来获得机会。一些市场适应者可能会通过及时地紧跟一个潜在的市场领导者的引导来获得市场先机；还有一些市场适应者会通过在产品、服务和业务系统方面进行不断的试验来逐步确定自己的策略。市场适应者采取的另一种办法是，建立一个高度灵活的组织来应对市场的变化，他们不断地招聘和培养成熟的具有管理技能的员工——不管市场如何变化，这样的员工对客户来讲都是有价值的。
企业应该采取改变市场的策略还是适应市场的策略，在很大程度上取决于环境不确定性的程度和性质。简单地讲，当不确定性较高，而企业能对其中的变数施加影响时，改变市场的策略往往奏效；当创造价值的主要因素相对稳定，而相关变数不能为企业所控制时，适应的策略才是应该优先考虑的。
这其中的道理是显而易见的。在一个高度不确定的市场，技术标准正在变化，竞争者出入不定，而消费者也还没有锁定自己喜爱的品牌。这样的市场环境为改变策略的实施提供了很大的空间，一次大型的兼并，一项果断的技术投资，一个强有力的产品捆绑策略，都很有可能会使混乱的市场格局变得井然有序，而新的市场格局对实施改变策略的企业当然是极为有利的。然而，在实践中，当面临着高度不确定性的环境时，企业的决策者总是偏向于采取适应的市场策略。之所以如此，部分原因在于决策者们习惯于依靠像波特的五种竞争力框架之类的理论工具来指导决策。对于相对稳定的市场，运用这类理论工具能够对未来的市场产生深刻的洞察力，然而，对于复杂多变的市场，这类工具却很少能为决策者准确判断未来的市场提供有力的支持。而要想成为一个成功的市场改变者，对未来有一个准确的预见是至关重要的。
应该指出的是，即使是最优秀的企业也不可能在任何情况下都采取改变市场的策略并且获得成功。一个成功的市场改变者必须具备很多品质，如；对未来发展的洞见、良好的声誉、特定领域的领导地位、一流的技术或创新的能力，以及操作上的娴熟等。并非所有的企业都具备这些品质。
企业决策者往往以为，适应市场的策略是一个容易实施的选择。这种想法是错误的。首先，这种想法使得经理人员以为，适应市场的策略并不像改变市场的策略那样需要较强的财务和心理承受力。其实并非如此。对于一个市场的适应者而言，要不断地进行产品服务等方面的试验，还要建立一个灵活的组织，这些都需要极大的财务上和心理上的承受能力；其次，这种想法会使经理人员以为，实施适应市场的策略只需消极而不是积极的管理就能成功。其实，一个市场的适应者也必须在捕捉机会、规避风险和业务调整等方面有相当的技巧，而这远远不是消极的管理所能做到的。(1561字)参考范文
Changing the Market or Adapting to It
In face of a market environment full of uncertain factors, should an enterprise change it, or to adapt to it? This is a question which has confronted business managers in making their development strategies for long.Actually, these two strategies represent different forms in practice.Unlike those who try to change the market, adaptors always regard the market structure and competitive behavior as a given external environment.Whether an enterprise should take the strategy of changing the market environment or adapting to it depends largely on the environmental uncertainty and its nature.It is wrong to believe that the adaptive strategy is an easy job.(106 words)(二)书信、备忘录、报告：
1.投诉信：
Directions:
You live in a room in college which you share with another student.You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting and has parties in the room。
Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college and ask for a new room next term.You would prefer a single room.Explain your reasons。
Dear Sir or Madam，I am writing to express/air dissatisfaction/disappointment/concern regarding accommodation.I would prefer to move into a single room next semester, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient。
I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommate’s inconsiderate behavior.For one thing, his friends are constantly visiting him;for another, he regularly holds noisy parties。
To solve this problem/surmount this difficulty/improve this situation/crack this hard nut, I hope to draw the attention of the authorities concerned.I am sure you will agree that the only solution for me is to move into a room of my own.Therefore, I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me, preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible。
Yours sincerely，Li Ming 2.推荐信/求职信/求学信：
Directions:
One of your friends wants to apply for a job working with foreign teenagers.Write a letter to recommend him/her, describe his/her past experience, and explain the reasons。
Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to recommend one of my best friends, Zhou Botong, for this post.With his outstanding leadership and cheerful personality, he was elected chairperson of the Student Union of Tsinghua University several times。
Busy as he was, he completed his major, teenage psychology, with an outstanding school record.Upon graduation he was assigned to be a teacher in Tsinghua Middle School.What is more, he loves his job and enjoys working with children.This won him great popularity among his students。
Therefore, I do not hesitate to recommend him as an ideal candidate for the post you advertised.I am sure you will make a wise decision in hiring him。
Yours sincerely，Li Ming
3.备忘录/报告：
Directions:
You are the president of a company.Write a memo to Percy Shelley, the vice-president on the employee’s training on computer, telling him the need to train the employees, detailed information, and ask him to write a plan。
Date：January 9, 2010
To：Percy Shelley, Vice President
From：Li Ming, President
Subject：Computer Training of the Staff
As we discussed earlier this week, I agree with you that our firm is faced up with problem of the high rate of computer illiteracy of the staff.We need to make up a plan for training our employees in the new field。
I would like you to design our own in-house computer-training program.We had better classify the employees and put them through the program in turn。
Write up a brief proposal, describing what you think the program should cover.Assume the class runs four hours a week for ten weeks.Also, assume people have no prior computer knowledge or any formal course work in computer science.二、写作B节：预测：70%考图画作文，30%考图表作文、情景作文或提纲作文
(一)图画作文：
1、最新大纲样题：合作
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay, you should
1)describe the drawing briefly，2)explain its intended meaning, and then
3)give your comments。
You should write neatly on Answer Sheet 2.(图略)
As is subtly portrayed in the drawing, two handicapped young men are heading towards their destination with vigorous strides, leaving all their crutches behind.The hardship of disability being no longer an obstacle on their journey, they support each other with firm hands and proceed steadily.The caption indicates that they can travel north and south extensively with combined legs。
It is apparent that the cartoonist aims at reminding us of the importance of cooperation in our daily life.Hardly can anyone achieve success in his career without the assistance of his colleagues and partners.As competition in all lines of work grows increasingly fierce, we must defeat our rivals through powerful teamwork.Take basketball hero Yao Ming for an example, he can slam the dunk smartly because all his teammates contribute more or less to his outstanding performance.Likewise, the successful launching of Chang’e No.1 lunar probe should be attributed to the Chinese scientists’ joint efforts instead of individual accomplishment.If we work separately, we will be confined to frail minds and limited resources。
On the basis of the analysis above, we may draw a conclusion that cooperation and teamwork really count in this competitive society.Hence, we should associate ourselves harmoniously with our companions in every attempt towards our goals.In addition, it is indispensable to train our kids frequently to interact smoothly with others in a team.As the proverb goes, unity is strength。
2.环境问题：
Directions:
A.Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay in at least 150words。
B.Your essay must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET2.C.Your essay should meet the requirements below:
1.Describe the pictures。
2.Deduce the purpose of the painter of the pictures。
3.Suggest counter measures。
(图略)
As is symbolically portrayed in the pictures, with the speedy social and economic development, the number of fishes has sharply decreased.In one picture, there were various kinds of fish and only one fishing-boat in 1900.On the contrary, in 1995 there was only one fish, but many fishing-boats。
The purpose of the pictures is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the decline of ocean resources.Owing to over-fishing, the number of fishes has obviously shrunk.If we let this situation go as it is, we do not know where fish will be in the forthcoming future.By that time, our environment will suffer a great destruction。
Hence, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures.For one thing, we should appeal to our authorities to make strict laws and regulations to control commercial fishing.For another, we should enhance the awareness of people that the ocean resources are vital to us.Only in this way can we protect our ocean resources.Also I reckon that we humans can overcome this difficulty, and we will have a brighter future。
3.坚持/成功/奋斗/拼搏/创新：
Directions: Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should
1)describe the set of drawing，2)interpret its meaning, and
3)support your view with examples。
(图略)
It is vividly depicted in the cartoon that a boy is running along the racetrack with painstaking efforts, sweat pouring down his face.After a long journey, he is making the final spurt toward the finishing line, with strong determination to become a champion.It seems that he could rest for a while to enjoy the ecstasy of victory.However, straight ahead lies a sign which indicates a new “starting point” and urges him to continue rushing to the next destination。
Undoubtedly, the cartoon conveys the meaning that life is like the process of running in which one should make constant efforts and never stop making progress.Owing to the quickening pace of life, competition goes increasing fierce in all walks of life, stimulating everyone to pursue one goal after another.Once a person stops making progress, he can hardly maintain his past glory and survive in this competitive world.As Deng Xiaoping, the great Chinese leader said, “Development is inarguable truth。” No matter how powerful a specific institution is, it will definitely seek new development in high speed.Generally speaking, neither a country nor a person can remain stagnant。
A case in point is the successful launching of “Shenzhou Ⅶ Spacecraft” which sets China in a high position of aviation and space flight.Although it means a great achievement for us Chinese, we are facing new challenges in the forthcoming future and need to do further research in space technology.Another illustration is closely related to us, the examinees.If we pass this test and are confronted with the challenge of conquering the difficult graduate courses.We still have to strive for success in our future academic study, employment and career.On the whole, these examples effectively clarify the saying that “destination is another starting point。”(296 words)
4.信心/金融危机/甲流/就业难：
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay, you should 1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning, and then
3)support your view with an example/examples。
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)
(图略)
As we can see from the picture, a football match is going on.On guarding the goal, the man on the left seems to be keeping a “huge goal” that is easy and inevitable for a goal, while the person on the right hesitates to kick the ball with an illusion about the “huge keeper”.It is obvious that both of them exaggerate the difficulties in front of them。
This picture does reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon which is not uncommon in China now.The young always give up because the problem is beyond their ability to cope with.Superficially, it seems to be somewhat reasonable, but when weighing in the mind, we find there is an apparent tendency underlying this phenomenon: the lack of confidence.Firstly, it is well-known that we exist in a dynamic world with various difficulties.We can do nothing but face them.Secondly, attitude is the key point to take the first step.Assuming bravery and confidence to solve the problem, you will find the question is not as “huge” as you imagine.Take us for example, the entrance exam for graduate students even seems to be a horrible monster before us.Some people give up, some persist.So, with confidence and the right assessment of the difficulties, try and exert your strength, and then we will overcome all problems。
On the whole, I believe we young people should face the difficulties in right manner.And nothing is impossible, just do it。
5.交通问题：
Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawings.In your essay, you should：
1)describe the drawings briefly，2)explain their intended meaning, and then
3)give your comments.(图略)
The pictures vividly reveal that heavy traffic is becoming increasingly serious all over the world.In the first photo, there is traffic congestion on the road with numerous cars, trucks and buses.In the second picture, hundreds of people are waiting for a train。
We can deduce from the pictures that the photographer is trying to attract our attention to the issue of heavy traffic.First of all, every year men and women crowd into cities in search of employment, a decent living, and the excitement and stimulation of urban life.As people in mounting numbers flood into cities, city services and facilities have been strained to a breaking point.In addition, since in a city with booming industry, land is precious and cannot be extravagantly used by traffic, traffic flows constantly rise to fill whatever scale of roads and highways are provided for them。
切题,中考英语作文第一要素 第8篇
关键词：初中英语写作,切题
根据《英语课程标准》我们通常将英语学习的任务阐述为“使学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和听、说、读、写技能”。其中“写”属于表达的技能,也就是使用语言材料来表达自己的思想,且要符合目的语的表达习惯。在中考中英语写作也是重要的一项主观性试题。近几年的中考英语作文除分值不断提高外,写作的内容、形式也在不断变化,这充分体现了中学英语教学中对学生写作能力的培养越来越重视。英语写作水平的提高能带动听说能力的提高,能促进阅读水平的提高,所以英语写作时学生英语综合水平的体现,是英语听说读写四项基本语言技能之一。
在英语中考中,每一位考生都想写出高分作文,取得好成绩。目前上海中考作文评分标准是分为三部分,内容分8分,语言分8分,4分组织结构分。如果一篇文章要想取得高分,首先内容分要拿到满分,而且内容和语言是一个统一体作文应表达题目所规定的内容,也就是要切题。如果跑题了即使用词再准确,语言再优美,也得不到分。有相当一部分学生认为写作文时,切题是不成问题的,关键是语言表达问题。其实,这种想法是错误的。英语作文不像汉语作文,时间短,篇幅也小,容不得大的发挥,要在有限的时间和规定的词数内把题目要求表达清楚,达到言之有物、观点正确、条理清晰是不容易的。因此,作文切题是写作中的主要问题。每年的中考作文都有一部分考生自我感觉良好,觉得自己语言优美,词汇量大,但往往考试出来的分数却未必高,主要是因为跑题所致。
而学生写文章跑题一般是由以下情况造成的。
(一)无从下手,无话可说。
例如在2016的上海杨浦区二模考中,作文题给学生的情境是让学生给校长写一封信,对学校的规章制度(schoo rule)提意见,学生不能仔细分析题目,学生对school rule这点没有仔细收集相关信息,下笔时没有足够的信息,词数都不够,分数怎能高呢?
(二)衔接不当,转移话题。
我们上学期的一模考试作文是how to relax myself,很多同学写的是reading can relax myself,但写着写着全是reading的好处,跟relax myself相去甚远了,等于是把文章的重点偏离了,会有好成绩吗?
(三)材料太乱,主题不明。
学生写作文时,往往以为多写一些句子,多例举一些事实材料,只要能跟题目搭上只言片语,就能得分,以至使全篇内容零乱,条理不清,思想表达不清楚。如在写作文how to protect the environment这篇文章中,学生就花大量的笔墨在写各种各样的环境问题,以及他们产生的原因,然后才开始写如何保护环境,太面面俱到,就没有了主次之分。
针对以上的问题,我认为在日常写作中加强对学生切题的训练,我从三点入手。
首先是收集信息,然后对有关信息进行分类。拿到一个作文题,应该先对题目和提示要点进行综合理解和分析,确定其中心和写作意图,然后收集跟主题有关的信息。这样做的好处是可以尽早地占有材料,把在审题和写作时进人我们脑海、被我们所意识和快速搜集到的一切相关论据和事实进行分类,既不受编排顺序制约,又可防止遗忘和疏漏,最后供我们慎重地比较和选材。
第二点是切除不相关的信息。主题是文章的“统帅”,材料如何取舍,语言如何遣用,全部要根据主题表现的需要来加以确定,所以在辅述中,一切事实、例证、原因等等都必须恰当切题,服从关键词的意思,保持话题专一。学生在编排文章素材时,一定要在前三点基础上有目的的进行,根据关键词选定方向,舍弃那些不必要或不重要的话语,把材料按一定的逻辑顺序安排,或按因果关系写,或按时间、空间顺序写,或进行比较,或进行分类和综合,目的是使段落内容层次清晰。
第三点是强化重要信息,弱化次要信息。学生在写作时还有一个很大的问题是总想面面俱到,结果主题不集中、不明确,从根本上影响了作文的质量和成绩。所以我认为在写作中必须要让分清主次,对重要信息进行详写,次要信息则可一笔带过。
