考研英语图表作文三段式篇章结构及（精选5篇）

考研英语图表作文三段式篇章结构及 第1篇

注意篇章结构 高考英语作文的实用技巧

高考辅导考试网

(一)掌握技巧：

(1)注意篇章结构，合理布局

开始部分(opening paragraph)——说出文中的要点、核心问题。

正文部分(Body paragraphs)——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。

结尾部分(concluding paragraphs)——对全文的总结和概括。

要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、连贯。

前后呼应，祛除与主题无关的内容.(2)确定主题句

主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释，扩展。

写主题句应注意以下几点：

①归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点

②提炼出一句具有概括性的话

③主题句应具有可读性，抓住、吸引读者。

(二)巧用连接词

要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词

表示罗列增加

First, second, third, First, then / next, after that / next, finally For one thing „ for another„, On(the)one hand„on the other hand,Besides / what’s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also, Especially / In particular,表示时间顺序

now, at present, recently,after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in

a few days,at first, in the beginning, to begin with, later, next, finally,immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment form now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during,表示解释说明

now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover furthermore, in fact, actually

表示转折关系

but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except(for), instead, of course, after all,表示并列关系

or, and, also, too, not only „ but also, as well as, both„ and, either „or,neither „nor

表示因果关系

because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to„, due to„, therefore, as a result(of), otherwise, so„that, such„that

表示条件关系

as(so)long as, on condition that, if, unless

表示让步关系

though, although, as, even if, even though, whether „or„, however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how(who, what, which, where, when, whom)

表示举例

for example, for instance, such as„, take„ for example

表示比较

be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with(to)„just like, just as,表示目的for this reason， for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,表示强调

in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all,表示概括归纳

in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated,as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion,

考研英语图表作文三段式篇章结构及 第2篇

针对图表作文如何开篇布局，下面为考生从以下几个内容总结学习方法，寻找属于自己的写作模式。

一、出题形式

例1 题目：Changes in Peoples Diet

Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to：

1.state the changes in peoples diet（饮食）in the past five years；

2.give possible reasons for the changes；

3.draw your own conclusions.

You should quote as few figures as possible.

例2 题目：Car Accidents Declining in Walton City

Remember that your composition must be written according to the following outline；

1.Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph；

2.Possible reason（s）for the decline of car accidents in the city；

3.Your predictions of what will happen this year.

Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible.

例3 For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Health Gain in Developing Countries. Your composition must be no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the following instructions（given in Chinese）：

1. 以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命（life expectancy）和婴儿死亡率（infant mortality）的变化情况

2. 说明引起变化的各种原因

从以上例子可见，图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们：

1）用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势；

2）就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。

二、写作要领

图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。写好图表作文，关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各信息间的联系，用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。

三、写作步骤

写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤：

1） 认真分析图表的`含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系；

2） 确定文章的主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据；

3） 编列文章的提纲；

4） 根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成文章，注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡；

高考英语图表类作文预测及 第3篇

Number of people in City X travelling

abroad in , 2001 and 2006

要求：1. 简析表格，说明产生这种现象的原因;

2. 结合漫画，谈谈境外旅游出现的问题;

3. 针对所出现的问题阐述你自己的看法(至少两点);

4. 词数120左右;

5. 参考词汇：吐痰 spit v.

考研英语:阅读理解篇章结构分析 第4篇

阅读理解题是考研英语的重点，考生在总结解题技巧的同时也应该关注一下阅读理解的篇章结构特点，下面是总结的对阅读理解的几种结构特点，希望能给考生一些帮助。

(一)花开两朵型

文章开始提出两个核心概念，随后分段论述。把握这种文章的关键是注意这两个核心概念的定义，以及它们的区别和联系。这种结构分为两类，一种是两个概念是并列的，另一种是两个概念形成对比，对于后一种文章要注意两个概念之间的区别，以及作者对各自的态度。

(二)现象――解释型

在现象――解释型的文章中，作者在文章开始给出一个现象，相当于提出一个问题，然后对现象进行

解释或分析现象或问题产生的原因，存在的因数以及可能解决方案，作者可能提到几个不同的`解决方案，但是之后作者自己认可的那种解决方案才是文章的重点和主题;在文章最后对现象或问题进行总结说明并进一步强调作者支持的那种解决办法。

(三)层层递进型

全文论述从抽象到具体，从简单到复杂，文章开始是对有关主题的一般介绍，然后一步一步将主题具体化。这类文章的各段开始常出现表示递进关系的副词，如inadditionto，furthermore，moreover等，文章的主题一般可以通过综合各段首句得出。

(四)一枝独秀型

全文围绕一个核心概念展开，文章围绕着这个概念、中心思想或者现象，从各个方面进行分析和解释说明，最后对文章进行总结，并再一次对该概念、中心思想进行阐述。

(五)问题――解决方案型

在这类文章中，作者首先提出一个问题，然后针对这一问题给出解决方案。如果有多个解决方案，作者认可的才是主题。

除了文章结构外，对于报刊杂志体文章时文的一般特点也应有所了解，因为这种文章在考研阅读中占有极大比重。报刊杂志体文章的主要特点有：

1.引人入胜。通常以一个有趣或吸引人的故事或背景开始。

2.抛砖引玉。讲故事或交代背景的目的在于引出主题。所以，时文的主题常出现于首段的最后一句话或第二段的首句。

3.假装客观。作者开始不说出自己的观点，貌似客观地陈述各派观点，最后才表达自己的观点。在确定作者态度的时候，主要根据所举的例子进行判断。如果例子表现一种正面态度，说明作者对这一事物持正评价;反之持负评价。

高考英语阅读篇章结构题解题技巧 第5篇

1. 确定指代关系。最常见的提问方式是：The underlined word “they/it/” in paragraph refers to

2. 对句子意义或作用的理解。最常见的提问方式是：The sentence “ ” in paragraph means .; The example of in para.is used to illustrate/show .

3. 对段落大意或段落作用的理解。最常见的提问方式是：The last paragraph mainly tell us that ; The purpose of writing Paragraph is . .

4. 对文章组织结构的理解。最常见的提问方式是：How is the passage organized?;Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?

在上述几类题中考生感觉难做的题是第四类, 这类题是近两年来出现的主要考查议论文结构的命题新方式,且逐步得到语言教育专家们的认可。并逐步推广到对其他文体结构的考查。分析这一类的题我们看出：对文章组织结构的考查不外乎两个层次。一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构，一是按写作方法(论证方法)理解文章的结构。

首先，看看这样考查从段落层次理解文章的结构。这类题经常用到的提问方式是：Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? 常见的段落结构有如下几种情况：

图1表明：①(Paragraph 1)是主题段(提出论题或论点)，②、③段是就同一论据或者问题的同一方面作论述，④用另一论据材料或者从问题的另一方面论述，⑤段是结论段或者是用来重述论题、强调论点的段落。同样我们很容易理解图2、3、4所示的段落结构的意义。

下面具体看看

The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before changes for the better, changes for the worse, changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger .Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.

Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe, it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development. Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.

The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings: in pure sciencea wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied sciencea more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.

Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons, Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.

William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn(纱线), good and ill together. “The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activitiesscience seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war?

72.Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?

理解文章段落结构，我们很容易找到答案A。

接下来再来看看这样从论证方法上考查对议论文结构的理解。掌握了议论文常见的写作方法，我们不难理解议论文的论证过程。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类：

一、Put forward a question Analyze the question Solve the question 这就是“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程;

二、Argument/idea Evidence conclusion/ restating the idea

这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。

对说明文、夹叙夹议类文章结构的理解，只要我们弄清段落意义和段落之间的关系，很容易理解其结构。看看下面的例题我们也许会得到一些启发。

例1：

I receive a lot of emails every time a column is published in 21st Century. The majority of questions I get are like this: “My English is still very poor, could you please give me some advice?” Since this kind of question is so big and so vague, any answers will be too broad or too general. In fact, asking questions is an art that needs training and practice in itself. And I would like to offer the following tips:

Always contextualize your question. If you really want to ask for advice on something, you need to provide a brief description of how you came up with the question and how you can benefit from asking it. For instance, if you need to improve your English, you need to state the skill area you are in the greatest need of improving, and what difficulties you encounter that cause you so many problems

The second piece of advice is that your question should be focused and specific. By that I mean that you might have a lot of questions, but choose the one that is most important and at the same time the least complicated.

Third, you can practise asking one question in multiple ways. For instance, if you are interested in knowing how you can boost your confidence in speaking, you might consider asking: “I often feel nervous before I ask a question, how can I overcome my anxiety?” “Could you share with me your experience of speaking in front of others?”

Of course, the best way to ask good questions is through the practice of questioning. I highly encourage you to seek opportunities to ask questions. It takes time to be a really good questioner.

How is the text organized?

A.Topic---argument----description

B.Opiniondiscussion---explanation

C.Main idea---comparison--- supporting examples

D.Topic ----argument----conclusion

解析：文章一开始就提出本文要讲的中心, 然后进行论述, 最后得出结论。由此,我们不难得出答案是D。

例2：

In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget. But none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant. The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible.

First of all, the job made huge demands on my strength. For ten hours a night, I took boxes that rolled down a metal track and piled them onto a truck. Each box contained twelve heavy bottles of apple juice. I once figured out that I was lifting an average of twelve tons of apple juice every night.

I would not have minded the difficulty of the work so much if the pay had not been so poor. I was paid the lowest wage of that timetwo dollars an hour. Because of the low pay, I felt eager to get as much as possible. I usually worked twelve hours a night but did not take home much more than $ 100 a week.

But even more than the low pay, what made me unhappy was the working conditions. During work I was limited to two ten-minute breaks and an unpaid half hour for lunch. Most of my time was spent outside loading trucks with those heavy boxes in near-zero-degree temperatures. The steel floors of the trucks were like ice, which made my feet feel like stone. And after the production line shut down at night and most people left, I had to spend two hours alone cleaning the floor.

I stayed on the job for five months, all the while hating the difficulty of the work, the poor money, and the conditions under which I worked. By the time I left, I was determined never to go back there again.

52.How is the text organized?

A.TopicArgumentExplanation

B.OpinionDiscussionDescription

C.Main ideaComparisonSupporting examples

D.IntroductionSupporting examplesConclusion

解析：这道题考查考生对文章组织结构的理解，把握了文章的脉络，我们不难得出答案：D。

广东高考英语试题题型(讨论稿)中提出把篇章结构作为专门的一节来考查：要求把标有A-F的句子或段落插入到文章中标记的适当位置，使文章意义完整，结构连贯。

做好这一类题，要先理解全文的意义和结构，然后理解段落的意义和结构，分析句与句之间的关系，句与段落的关系。一般说来，文章中空格的地方主要是三类的句子或者段落：一是段落的主题句;二是和段落主题密切相关的细节句;三是段落或句子之间的过渡句/段。所以学会了分析句与句、句与段、段与段之间的关系做这类题并不难。下面我们来具体看一个例题：

阅读下面短文，请将标有A-F的句子或段落插入到文章中标号为71-75的合适位置，使文章意义完整，结构连贯;其中一个段落或句子是多余的。

Some twenty years ago, the performance of girls and boys in class was compared. 71 Now, the situation is reversed (颠倒) with girls consistently doing better than boys.

72 John Dunsford, leader of the association of head teachers of secondary schools, says that the academic failure of boys is a problem which had its roots in society rather than the classroom. Girls, more than boys, see education as a passport to a good job. On the other hand, according to Penny Lewis, a head teacher, young men lack confidence, which they hide with a show of bravado (逞能). They’re uncertain about their place in society. 73

Moreover, boys may learn in a different way from girls, preferring small amounts of work with immediate headlines rather than large projects stretching (延续) into the distance. And education is not seen as “cool”. 74

This is not just a problem in Britain. In a study by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and UNESCO, girls did better than boys at reading at the age of 15 in all 45 countries. The UK ranks ninth out of the 45 countries for reading despite the fact that pupils in the UK spend less time reading than in most other countries. 75

A. So, what has gone wrong with the boys, and what can be done about it?

B. Interestingly, the study suggested that British children read for pleasure more often than those in other countries.

C. Boys scored better in exams, so various measures were introduced to improve the performance of girls, including having single sex girl-only classes.

D. This study can offer a great help to teachers and school leaders in terms of proper education to different people.

E. Some boys grow up in families where there is no male role model to follow.

F. As one contributoe to a BBC website put it, “Girls achieve more at school because they are watching the future while the boys are watching the girls.”

解析：这是一篇说明文。首先通读文章了解文章的中心：全文分析当前在学校女生比男生表现好的原因。文章结构简单明了：首先提出问题，然后分析原因。接下来我们来逐段分析：

第一段提出问题，71空后面说“现在情况颠倒过来了：女生比男生好了”，看了这句话，我们肯定能判断前一句话的大意应该是：先前的情况是男生比女生表现好。那就从选项中去看哪个句子表达的是这个意思。快速浏览A-F选项，我们得到答案C。

第二段分析原因。段首的空格72，应该是一个承上启下的过渡句。浏览选项，我们迅速得到答案A。段尾的73空应该是一个细节句，对前一句具体说明，能够具体说明They’re uncertain about their place in society一句的只有选项E。

第三段进一步分析原因。74空应该是个细节句，详细阐明男生比女生表现差的原因。这里我们不难找到答案F。

第四段说明这种现象的普遍存在。段尾的75空是一个接续前句的细节句。浏览剩余的选项，我们很肯定地找到答案B。

【实战演练练习十三】

Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?

A supporter of co-educational schools would probably say that schools should be like the societies they belong to .In Hong Kong, men and women mix socially on a day-to-day basis .In many fields men are even likely to have female bosses. It is, therefore, desirable that boys and girls grow up together, go to school together, and prepare themselves for a society that does not value sexual separation.

Some would go on to argue further that growing up with members of the opposite sex is important for personal development. Regular contact(接触)can remove the strange ideas about the opposite-sex and lead to more natural relationships. Single-sex conditions are seen as leading to more extreme opinions, and possibly even as encouraging homosexuality(同性恋), though there is no proof that this is the case.

Those who are against coeducation often also fix their attention on the sexual side. Some parents fear that close contact with members of the opposite sex is dangerous for teenagers. They want their children to be attentive to their studies. Such parents feel uncomfortable with modern ways and the free mixing of the sexes.

A stronger argument comes from research into school results. Girls grow up earlier than

boys ,tend to be more orderly and are likely to be better at languages. In a mixed class ,boys who might do well in a single-sex class become discouraged and take on the rule of troublemaker. Certainly in the UK this situation has greatly alarmed (惊动)the government for it to be encouraging co-educational schools to have some single-sex classes. In the UK the best schools are all single-sex, strongly suggesting that co-education is not the best answer. This may, however, not be as simple as it looks. It may simply be that the famous old schools that attract the best students happen to be single-sex, rather than that being single-sex makes them better schools.

72.In the third paragraph, by saying “though there is no proof that this is the case”, the writer means that .

A.students in single-sex schools will certainly become homosexual

B.students in co-educational schools cannot have extreme opinions

C.students in co-educational schools are likely to be homosexual

D.single-sex school conditions may or may not have effects on the students

【实战演练练习十四】

Have you ever had the strange feeling that you were being watched? You turned around and, sure enough, someone was looking right at you!

Parapsychologists (灵学家) say that humans have a natural ability to sense when someone is looking at them. To research whether such a “sixth sense”really exists, Robert Baker, a psychologist(心理学家)at the University of Kentucky, performed two experiments.

In the first one, Baker sat behind unknowing people in public places and stared at the backs of their heads for 5 to 15 minutes. The subjects(受试者)were eating, drinking, reading，studying, watching TV, or working at a computer. Baker made sure that the people could not tell that he was sitting behind them during those periods. Later, when he questioned the subjects, almost all of them said they had no sense that someone was staring at them.

For the second experiment, Baker told the subjects that they would be stared at from time to time from behind a two way mirror in a laboratory setting. The people had to write down when they felt they were being stared at and when they weren’t. Baker found that the subjects were no better at telling when they were stared at and when they weren’t .Baker found that the subjects were no better at telling when they were stared at than if they had just guessed.

Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when they’re being stared at. If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.”

68. The purpose of the two experiments is to .

A. explain when people can have a sixth sense

B. show how people act while being watched in the lab

C. study whether humans can sense when they are stared at

D. prove why humans have a sixth sense

【实战演练练习十五】

阅读下面短文，并将文后标有A-F 的句子(或段落)插入文章中标号为71-75的合适位置，使短文结构完整。其中有一个句子(或段落)是多余的。

She is widely seen as proof that good looks can last forever. But, at nearly 500 years of age, time is catching up with the Mona Lisa.

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“The thin, wooden panel on which the Mona Lisa is painted in oil has changed shape since experts checked it two years age,” the museum said. 72 .

73 “It is very interesting that when you’re not looking at her, she seems to be smiling, and then you look at her and she stops,” said Professor Margaret Livingstone of Harvard University, “It’s because direct vision is excellent at picking up detail, but less suited to looking at shadows. Da Vinci painted the smile in shadows.”

74 Da Vinci himself loved it so much that he always carried it with him, until it was eventually sold to France’s King Francis I in 1519.

In 1911, the painting was stolen from the Louvre by a former employee, who took it out of the museum hidden under his coat. He said he planned to return it to Italy. The painting was sent back to France two years later.

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A. Nearly 6 million people go to see the Mona Lisa every year, many attracted by the mystery of her smile.

B. However, the actual history of the Mona Lisa is just as mysterious as the smile.

C. Visitors have notice the changes but repairing the world’s most famous painting is not easy. Experts are not sure about the materials the Italian artist used and their current chemical state.

D. The health of the famous picture, painted by Leonardo Da Vinci in 1905, is getting worse by the year, according to the Louvre Museum where it is housed.

E. The picture is now so valuable that no one can tell its exact price. Therefore, many thieves tried to steal it in any way they could think of.