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翻译名词范文

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来源：火烈鸟

作者：开心麻花

2025-09-19

翻译名词范文（精选6篇）

翻译名词第1篇

做翻译时专有名词如何翻译

主持人：谢谢周老师。下一个是关于翻译方面的问题，在做翻译题的时候，像人名、地理名、企业名等专有名词，是否都要译出来?

周雷：无所谓的。

主持人：有时候比如说像billion，在美语和英语里面的意思是不一样的.。

周雷：但是，我感觉出题的老师是不会出这种有争议性的词语，那么比如说这个词本身有两个意思，但是在这种语言环境下应该是两个意思都讲得通的，我个人这样认为。

翻译名词第2篇

交货时间Quote:报价Delivery date:交货期FOB:离岸价CIF:到岸价CFR:成本加运费

价Status inquiry:资信调查Reference:资信证明人Exchange rate:汇率Force majeure:不可抗

力Export tax rebates:出口退税Pre-production sample:产前样PPsampleOffer:报盘+for

PI:proforma invoice:形式发票Counter-offer:还盘Repeat order:返单Target price:目标价

PO:Purchase order:购货订单S/C:sales contract:销售合同Confirmed and irrevocable L/C:

保兑的不可撤销的信用证T/T:电汇D/P:付款交单D/A:承兑交单CAD:cash against documents on arrival of goods:货到后凭单付款Amendment:修改an amendmenttothe L/CFreight:运费Extension advice:延期通知Directive marks:指示标识Warning marks:警示标Price label:定价标签instruction manual:使用手册，说明书“Snake loaded” flat:蛇形平铺装柜Shipping instruction:装运指示Shipping advice:装船通知CY:集装箱堆场CFS:集装箱货运站FCL:整箱LCL:拼箱Telex release:电放Bank receipt:银行水单Transshipment:转运Partial shipments:分批装运Insurance amount:保险金额+forInsurance policy:保单 Insurer:承保人The insured:投保人C.I.C：中国保险条款FPA:平安险WPA:水渍险AR:一切险ICC:协会货物保险条款Malicious damage clause:恶意损坏险Insurance premium:保险费 Warehouse to warehouse clause:仓至仓条款Open policy:开口保单Insurance rate:保险费率 Claim:索赔 Lesson 2

1.We avail ourselves of this opportunity to introduce to you as a foreign-invested corporation specializing in arts and crafts.品

2.We want to acquaint ourselves with the supply position of steel products。我们想熟悉一下钢材的供应情况We are enclosing a cope of pricelist.我们随函附上一份价目表

4.We have 28 distributors across the world.5.We are one of the leading exporters of Chinese industrial products and are desirous of entering into business relations you.我们是中国轻工产品的主要出口商之一，愿与你公司建立业务关系 Lesson 3

和般务经验

3.We have pictures of sports shoes selling well in UK.我们有在英国热销的运动鞋款式的图片

4.We are sending some samples and brochures under separate cover for your reference.已另邮一些样品和小册子供你方参考

5.We are interested in the electric appliance in your sample.Please kindly send your quotations to us.6.We’d like to inform that you’ll find our new products are at Stand 16.我们的新产品在16展台展出 Lesson 4

1.We are looking for a reliable supplier who can provide us the laptop.手提电脑的可靠厂家

2.I would like to buy computers and computer parts.Please send me a detailed pricelist with min.Order and shipping costs.3 Regarding the model we attached here, our target price is USD9.5 for our market.关于所附的这种型号，我们的目标价位是每台9.5美元

4.We allow you a discount of 3% for quantity over 1000 pieces of the offered item.订购量超过1000件，可允许给予3%的折扣

5.As regards our financial standing, please refer to the Bank of China, Shanghai Branch.至于我们的信用情况，请向中国银行上海分行咨询 Lesson 5

1.Please quote in USD CIF London for 1000 sets of bed sheets.伦敦价

2.The attached price list will provide you with the concrete information of the models you are most interested in.3.Please kindly inform the quotations and payment terms for the following items.请告知按什

么价格及什么付款方式你能供应下列商品

4.Our company wants to enquire for the 500 sets of your Model No.277 washing machine.本公司想询问贵公司型号277洗衣机500台的价格

5.If your prices are competitive, we will place large orders with you.如果你们价格具有竞争性的话，我们将向你们大量订购 Lesson 6

1.We approach you for the export of chemicals.我们是为了出口化工产品的事与你方联系的2.As to the can foods, we advise you to contact directly Tianjin Foods Import and Export Co.关于罐头食品，我们建议你们与天津食品进出口公司直接联系

3.We shall appreciate it very much if you could inform the financial and credit status of the above company.4.Please refer to Bank of China, Beijing Branch or China International Commercial Bank for the business standing of our company.有关本公司业务概况的资料，请向中国银行北京分行及中国国际商业银行查询

5.Any information you may obtain will be treated as confidential.对你方提供的任何资料，我们都予以保密 Lesson 7

1.The confirmation sample remains valid for two years.确认样有效期为两年

2.Our company intends to import silver products from your company.Pls send us sample pricelist.我公司有意从贵公司进口银制品，请寄样品价格单

3.We have received your samples with thanks.4.We will refund the charge upon receipt of your order.退还给你们

5.Pls confirm the enclosed sample brochure.Lesson 8

1.The illustrated catalog and sample have been sent by DHL.The courier No.is QD1234.解的目录和样品已由敦豪快速寄出，查询号为QD1234

2.The samples are free, but the customer must bear the freight cost according to the company policy.3.The products you make should be in complete compliance with our enclosed picture.你方

生产的产品应与我方随函附照片完全一致

4.We will send samples immediately when the standard freight of USD70 reaches our account of HSBC, or we get your DHL or UPS account.账户，或提供你的DUL,UPS账号，我们会立即发送样品

5.It is a heavy burden for our factory to send out free samples in large quantities.We are forced to ask you to share the cost with us.我们不得不请求贵公司与我们分担费用 Lesson 10

1.At your request, we make the quotation for the following goods, subject to our final confirmation.2.We’ve learned that there is a heavy demand for EVA suitcases in your market.We hereby enclosed our NO.555 quotation sheet for your reference.箱要求强劲，随函随上第555号报价单，供你方考虑

3.We are offering for our jasmine tea, RMB1,125 per KG CIF Kobe with next-week shipment.兹报盘，茉莉花茶每公斤价格为1125人民币，神户（Kobe）CIF价，下周交货。4.Thanks for your inquiry for Galvanized iron Sheet.We make the following quotations and look forward to your orders.价如下，敬请惠顾订货为盼。

5.This offer is subject to your reply before the goods being unsold.此报盘以我货未售出前，收到你方回函接受为准 Lesson 11

1.We’d like to trade with you, but regret that we cannot reduce the prices to what you expected.They have been our lowest prices after our accurate calculation of all the costs.愿意与贵方开展贸易往来，但遗憾的是我们不能将价格降到你方所求，因为我方经准确计算成本后，已将价格降到最低点。

2.After careful investigation of our market situation, we have to make a reduction of 10% in order to meet the fierce competition.Otherwise, there’s no possibility of transactions.过对我市场条件仔细研究后认为，为应付剧烈竞争，你们必须降价10%，否则，生意成交无望。

3.We regret to inform you that the quotation you made for the plastic bags is out of line with our local market level.我们遗憾地告诉你方，你方所报塑料手提包价格完全与我地市场行

情不一致

4.Our counteroffer for the captioned goods is USD125, subject to your reply reaching us before noon of Wednesday of our time.三中午前答复有效。

5.We are pleased to enclose the PI in triplicate for 1000 SETS of bicycles of the following Lesson 16

we can not accept your T/T request, our usual practice, in view of the small amount of this order, as an exception, one half of the payment will be paid by T/T, and the other half by CAD.Lesson 17

1.We agree to be paid by D/P at sight instead of sight L/C for our future business.specification.Please telephone us to prepare the goods upon receipt of the import license.我们高兴地随函附上下列规格的自行车1000辆的形式发票一式三份，获得进口许可证后，请即电告以便备货。Lesson 14

1.Attached is the label for your reference.2.Now our stocks are running down quickly.The maximum we can offer is 200 metric tons.现在我们的库存量急剧减少，我们能供应的最大量是200公吨。

3.We can only accept delivery in March owing to the heavy ocommotments the manufacturer has got.因制造厂接到订货太多，我们只能答应三月份装船

4.The products for delivery by the end of this year have all been sold out, due to too many orders.订货太多，到年底交货的产品都已售完。

5.We are pleased to confirm ordering with you for 1000 cases of Tomato Paste with October shipment.Lesson 15

1.After our recent exchange of faxes, we are pleased to put through a transaction for 10 metric tons of dry red chilli.经过最近我们双方的传真往来，我们很高兴与你方达成10公吨干红辣椒（dry red chili）的交易。

2.If there’s no problem, we hope you could countersign and return one copy S/C for our file.如果你们认为没问题，我们希望你们签回销售合同的副本一份备查

3.Please rest assured that there will be no further delay for the shipment of the goods.请放心，该货的装运，不会再有延迟。

4.We have opened through Bank of China, Tokyo Branch the L/C No.1758 in your favor on 15th.5.We are pleased to inform you that we have booked your order No.111 for 5000 Canon Digital Cameras.很高兴地告知你们，我们已接受了你方111号关于5000台佳能数码相机的订单的业务，我方同意不用即期信用证，而改用即付款交单方式

2.We accept confirmed, irrevocable L/C payable against sight draft, instead of T/T.我方接受保兑的，不可撤销的信用证，以即期汇票而不是以电汇形式偿付。

3.In view of the huge amount of the order and the fluctuation of the international currency market, we cannot accept the payment terms other than L/C.市场又不很不稳定，所以我方无法接受除信用证外的其他支付方式

4.In view of our long-term friendly business relationship, we exceptionally accept L/C negotiable at 60 days’ sight.信用证

5.We will transfer the full payment when the goods are ready and shipping space is booked, so as to save the high expense on issuing the L/C.为了节省开立信用证的大量费用，我们将在货物已备妥待运且舱位已订下时，电汇全部金额 Lesson 18

1.At your request we exceptionally accept the payment terms by D/P at sight.But it cannot be regarded as a precedent for future transactions.应你方要求，破例接受即期的付款交单方式，但不能认为是惯例

2.Due to the small quantity of the order, we propose the payment terms by D/P to simplify the procedure.由于这次订单订货数量不大，建议其付款方式采用通过银行付款交单托收方式，以简货手续。

3.3.We agree to accept D/P at sight in view of your current tough situation.考虑到你方目前的困难，我方同意接受见票即付的付款交单方式。

4.As special accommodation, we accept your proposal to be paid by D/P at sight.But it cannot be regarded as a future precedent.作为特殊照顾，我们同意你方的建议并接受即期付款交单，但这不应该视为先例

5.In view of our long-term friendly relationship, we comply with your request, 50% to be paid

by L/C and the balance by D/P at sight.要求，即50%信用证支付，其余的用即期付款交单 Lesson 19

Please countersign and return one copy for our filesthe L/C in our favor

the L/C stipulations should strictly conform to the terms of the contractavoid any future amendment

You may rest assured that we will make shipment Lesson 20

1.The goods are ready for dispatch.Please establish the covering L/C.We will make shipment upon receipt of the L/C.由于所订货物已备妥待运，请即开信用证，我方一收到信用证，立即装运。

2.It is necessary that all the L/C stipulations should be in exact accordance with the terms of the contract, so as to avoid any unnecessary amendments.为避免不必要修改，有必要使相关信用证条款与合同规定严格相符

3.After examining the L/C carefully, we regret to find some stipulations are not in conformity with the terms in the contract.不符。

4.We hope to get your kind cooperation in the effect, and look forward to the L/C amendment from your banker.书

5.In the L/C we received, the payment is made by draft at 30 days’ sight.But according to the contract it should be made at sight.Please amend the L/C accordingly.根据我方所收到的信用证，付款方式是见票后30天付款，但根据合同应是见票即付，因此，请按说明修改信用证。

6.The date of delivery is approaching.Please amend the L/C as requested ASAP so that we may effect shipment in time.便我方能按时装运 Lesson 21

1.Please extend the date of shipment and the validity of the L/C to August 31 and September 15 respectively to facilitate us to make shipment.请将信用证的装运期和有效期分别延至8

月31日和9月15日，以便我方装运该货

2.After checking the stipulations in the L/C, we regret to find that the L/C calls for shipment in October.But the contract stipulates for the shipment in November.Please extend the time of shipment and negotiation to November 30 and December 15 respectively.经核对信用证条款，我方遗憾地发现你方信用证要求10月份装运，但我方合约规定11月份装运，因此，务请把装运期和议付期分别延至11月30日和12月15日。

3.As to L/C No.689, we have instructed the issuing bank to extend the date of shipment and the validity of the L/C to September 30 and October 15 respectively.方已指示开证行将装运期和有效期分别延到9月30日和10月15日

4.According to the clauses of L/C No.308, we have presented full set of clean on board Bill of Lading and other documents to Bank of China, Fuzhou branch.我方已根据贵方第308号信用证条款，将全套清洁已装船提单连同其他单据提交中国银行福州分行。

5.As the date of shipment in the L/C is the same as the validity date of the L/C, please extend the validity of the L/C by 15 days more according to the stipulations of UCP 600.由于你方信用证装运期与有效期相同，请按惯例将信用证有效期延展十五天

6.As there is no direct vessel this month, we ask to extend the validity of the L/C to May 31.由于本月没有直达轮，我方要求延长信用证有效期到5月31日。

Lesson 22

1.The barcode should be attached on the hand tag and the upper right of the polybag.于挂卡上以及贴于胶袋右上角

2.We want the blouses to be packed each in a polybag, 12 dozen to a carton lined with waterproof paper.3.We can meet your special requirements for packing but the extra packing charges should be borne by you.4.As suggested, we have improved our inner packing to meet the customers’ demand in your market.5.No warning marks are required in the wooden case.Lesson 23

1.Please mark our initials ABC in a diamond, under which the port of destination and our order number should be stenciled or printed.请刷上一菱形，内刷我公司首字母ABC，其下

应刷目的港及我方订单号

2.Shirts packed in plastic-lined cartons are not so susceptible to damage by moisture as those packed in wooden cases.3.12 pairs are packed into a carton.The carton stickers should be attached on the side with 4.full quantity of the merchandise which，which has been packed and sealed into the container5.in accordance with the stipulations set forth in L/C No.KH40483NRIII.Translate the following sentences into English:

1.70% of the goods under Order No.2048 will be shipped in November, and the rest in 箱正在唛头的一面，供应商信息如下

4.Please make sure that cases are marked “Fragile” and “Handle With Care”.请确保箱子上标有“易碎品”，“小心搬运”字样

5.After examining, we find that 10 bags are packed without 5-ply strong paper bags, which are not in conformity with the stipulations in the contact, resulting in the damage in transit.发现约有10袋未按合同规定以五层坚固纸袋包装，以致在运输途中造成破损

6.The magnetic tapes should be packed in the polybag and sealed tightly with adhesive tape.带应包装在塑料袋里，并用胶带封紧 Lesson 24

1.We must make it clear that with the different packing material, the packing expenses will be different.我们必须说明的是采用不同的包装材料，包装费用会不一样

2.The tea should be packed in international standard tea boxes, 24 boxes on a pallet, 10 pallets in an FCL container.3.All PO’s must be loaded separately.No mixing of PO’s within a container is permitted.所有的定单都要单独装框，同一个柜子不允许装几个PO的货

4.Considering the fragile goods and the expensive cost of packing, please use durable packing and economical packing.包装。

5.The greatest care must be given to packing and crating, as any damage in transit would cause us heavy losses.给我们造成严重损失。Lesson 25

II.Complete the following sentences in English:

1.covering the readiness of our goods under Order No.4832.contact our forwarder-----MAERSK for shipment

3.Booking, 14 days prior to shipping to ensure the shipping space

December.2.Due to the insufficient shipping space, the 10,000 metric tons of soya beans can’t be fully shipped in October.Please amend the L/C, allowing partial shipments.一万公吨大豆因舱位不够，无法全部在十月份装运，请请改信用证，允许分批装运

3.As you desire earlier delivery, you have to bear the extra freight.由于你方要求提前装运，额外的运费由买方承担

4.As our traditional Spring Festival is approaching, it will get harder to book shipping space.Please send shipping instructions at the earliest, so that we can book space earlier.的春节即将临近，订舱会比较困难，请尽早发送装运提示，以便尽早订舱

5.We are effecting shipment soon.The forwarder is the same as the one for last shipment.But we hope you could find another shipping company with lower quotations.运，货代跟上批货为同一家，但希望你们可以找一家报价更低的船公司

Lesson 26

1.ship the goods with the first available ship next month 2.Because the goods will be transshipped at Hong Kong 3.the shipment should be made in March or April 4.to delay shipment

5.take delivery of the goods, arrive at your port Lesson 27 Dear Sirs,Recently we have 20 cases of chinaware shipped to Rotterdam from Hong Kong.The measurement of each packing case is 5x5x4feet, with a gross of 250 kgs per case.Please kindly inform the detailed information like the freight cost, ETD, ETA etc.We learn that S.S.Star will depart on Aug.10.But we expect the shipment with an earlier shipping date.Looking forward to your early reply.Best Regards,Lesson 28

1.You should effect the insurance since the transaction is concluded on FOB basis.我们按

2.For transactions concluded on CIF basis, we usually cover the insurance against All Risks for 110% of the full invoice value.保一切险

3.As the goods is not fragile with less possibility of damage in transit, it is enough to effect 1.We require you to make immediate shipment of the replacement for the damaged goods 2.so as to avoid any damage during transit

3.the shipment is not up to the quality standard of the samples and could not meet our customer’s requirement

4.we ask for a complete refund of the money and full compensation for all our losses Lesson 32

1.Owing to your failure in shipment within requested time, we have to cancel the order and insurance against FPA.够了

4.Risk of breakage is a kind of additional risks and extra premium will be charged.一种特殊险别，要额外收保费

5.The premiums vary with the different insurance coverage.If any additional risks are added, extra premium will be borne by the buyer.其他险别，额外保费由买方负担 Lesson 29

II.Fill in the blanks in their proper forms with the words or phrases given below: 1.cover insurance against All Risks 2.submit an insurance claim

3.cover the insurance for 110% of the invoice value 4.The goods are insured with our company 5.compensate for

6.arranged insurance on your behalf

7.covered the insurance at invoice value plus 10% 8.issue an All Risks policy

III.Translate the following letter into Chinese: Dear Jane,我们确认收到了您昨天的电邮，要求我们为第304号订单投保发票价值的130%。首先我们想要说明我们通常的做法是按发票价值的110%投一切险，产生的额外保费由买方承担。因此，增加20%的保险金额而产生的额外保费由您承担。

收到您的确认后我们将立刻投保。Lesson 31

reserve the right to lodge further claims.消订单，同时保留进一步追偿的权利

2.We regret to claim on your delay in transshipment.The punctual shipment is of utmost importance to us.我们很遗憾不得不对你们的转动延期误投诉，准时装运对我们至关重要

3.The goods you shipped are of extremely inferior quality and that our clients are unwilling to take delivery of the goods.We wonder if we should return them or keep them in our warehouse at your disposal.退回，还是要我们把货物保存在我仓库，留待你方处理？

翻译名词第3篇

本文拟就词素翻译法为焦点论述其在中医名词术语翻译中的应用,希望能起到抛砖引玉的作用。

一、词素翻译法的定义及应用范围

词素是构成词的最小的有意义的单位。词素翻译就是利用英语中的词素(前缀、后缀、词根)和连接元音字母-o-、-i-、有时也用-u-连接,创造新词的一种翻译方法(李照国,1993)。比如electropuncture(电刺),acupoint(穴位),monoyin,monoyang(一阴,一阳)等词就是词素翻译法在中医翻译中的常见例子。

这一翻译法的提出解决了许多棘手的翻译问题,但任何一种方法都有一定的实用范围,如果译者对词素翻译法的技术要求及适用范围缺乏明确了解的话,容易形成滥用倾向,造成不良后果。下面简要地介绍一下“词素翻译法”的适用范围及要求。根据李照国(1997)的观点,“词素翻译法”的适用范围一般来说有以下两个方面:

1. 采用其他译法无法保证译语的简洁性。

中医用语的典型特征就是言简意赅,浓缩性强,一个重要的治疗方法或理论往往用两个或四个汉字即可完满地予以概括。但是这一特点在译语中却很难得以较好地体现。比如,中医常见概念“得气”,一般译为getting the acupuncture feeling,这个译文显得冗长,而且表达不清楚。“得气”指的是针感,在中医英语中,acu-已经专门用以表达“针刺”这一概念,而在英语中“感”也有一个固定的词素,即esthesia。将这二者结合在一起,就可以获得一个译语acuesthesia,即“得气”。

2. 采用其他译法无法保证译语的专业性。

严格来说,中医语言同样具有专业性,而且这种专业性是有层次性的。在翻译时,也理应在译语中保持其专业性。如何保持其专业性呢?基本的做法就是使译语尽量脱俗,尽量符合科技用语的表达习惯。下面以一组流行的中医名词术语译语为例来说明如何保证译语的专业性。

风秘constipation due to wind-evil,风痫epilepsy induced by wind-evil,湿泻diarrhea due to wetness-evil,湿毒toxic material produced by wetness-evil

“风”和“湿”译作wind和wetness,虽然在字面上与原文一一对应,但是在某种意义上失去了医学术语所应有的专业性和严肃性。如果使用“风”和“湿”的英语词素来翻译即可解决这一问题。

英语中“风”的词素是anem/o,在表示“由风(邪)所致”这个意思时,可以在anem/o之后加上词缀-genous,从而获得一个新词anemogenous(即“由风所引起的”)。从语义上看,anemogenous与“风”是对等的;从形式上看,anemogenous具有较强的专业色彩;从专业水平上看,anemogenous具有所指单一即运用局限这样一个专业化水准很好的特点,是一个理想的译语。

通过这样词素的转化,我们就可以比较容易地翻译一系列的相关术语。例如:

风秘anemogenous constipation,风痫anemogenous epilepsy induced,风痢anemogenous dysentery,风眩anemogenous dizziness

由上例可以看出,词素翻译不但大大提高了译语的专业化水平,而且使译语显得更加简洁。

类似的,英语中“湿”的词素是hygr/o,在表示“由湿(邪)所致”这一意思时,可以在hygr/o之后加上词缀-genous,从而获得一个新词hygrogenous,(即“由湿所致的”)。同理,相关的中医名词可以译为:

湿泻hygrogenous diarrhea,湿毒hygrogenous toxicity,湿咳hygrogenous cough,湿病hygrogenous diseases

当“风”、“湿”结合在一起时,以上翻译方法同样有效。比如,中医中常说的“风湿头痛”、“风湿腰痛”一般翻译成:

headache due to wind-wetness evil

lumbago due to wind-wetness evil

这样的译语不但专业性差,而且词形冗长。根据前面对“风”、“湿”的翻译,这里的“风湿”可以译作anemohygrogenous。那么,上面的两个术语分别可以译为:

anemohygrogenous headache

anemohygrogenous lumbago

类似的,“风热”可以译为anemopyrogenous,与其相关的一些术语可以做如下处理:

风热牙疳anemopyrogenous gingivitis,风热头痛anemopyrogenous headache,风热耳聋anemopyrogenous deafness,风热咳嗽anemopyrogenous cough,风热眩晕anemopyrogenous vertigo,风热腰痛anemopyrogenous lumbago,风热麻痹anemopyrogenous sorethroat

二、词素翻译法的优势

结合以上诸例,下面谈谈词素翻译法的优势。

根据刁骧、胡幼平(2006)的研究,词素翻译法的优势可以概括为以下六条(笔者引用时稍作增删):

1. 简洁。

中医用语的突出特点就是简明扼要,译名理所应当也要保持这一点,只有这样,才能保证译名的信息密度。

2. 专业化。

运用词素翻译法来翻译中医术语,会创造出一些符合西方社会规范的专业术语,有利于中医在世界范围的传播。

3. 规范化。

中医名词术语规范化涉及中国语言学、中医理论、比较认识论、西方语言学和认识论、临床医学等五个方面,因此,术语规范化有着重要的意义。采用词素翻译法可以在一定程度上降低译语的混乱程度,不失为统一中医译语的方法之一。

4. 交际性强。

虽然词素翻译法用于中医翻译会产生大量的新词,但因其构词的基本单位——词素是为目标语读者所熟知的,即便有少量特有的“中医词素”,选用的也都是已被西方读者所广泛接受和认同的,加之上下语境的结合,理解其意思并不困难。较之上面提到的wind等传统译法,其交际功能的优势还是十分明显的。

5. 便于掌握。

前文已提到医学英语词素的构词能力十分之强,据统计,掌握大约200个常用词素或结合型之后,不用借助词典,就可以理解一般的医学术语。因而,对于目标语读者来说,掌握了中医翻译中的常用词素,理解大部分中医词汇也就易如反掌了。

6. 便于检索。

由于采用词素翻译法的译语与西医名词术语的吻合度更高,因而在检索时检出率更高,这无疑是有利于中医药的对外交流与发展的。目前,美国国立医学图书馆编辑的“Medical Subject Headings(Me SH)”中已经建有中医学主题词表,但其收录的词条只有“针灸、阴阳、气”等极少的中医药词汇,急需扩大与完善。词素翻译法以其简洁、专业、易统一,与西医术语吻合度高的优势,有望成为建立英文版中医药主题词表的主要手段之一。

三、词素翻译法的局限性

需要说明的是,类似“风”、“湿”、“热”这类中医术语或概念的针对性比较强,经过深层次的语义分析,借助英语词素的知识,可以创造出相应的英语词汇来表达其意义,但使用的时候一定要把握好尺度,不可滥用。实际上,词素翻译法也并不是解决一切问题的灵丹妙药。超出了一定范围,词素翻译法也会变得无能为力。这个范围需要译者灵活把握。

在中医名词术语翻译的广阔领域中,词素翻译法无疑有积极的意义,但是这个方法对译者也提出了较高的要求,译者首先要精通医学外语;需要具有一定的语言学和翻译学的知识;需要掌握中医基本理论;需要具有扎实的中医古文基础;熟悉中国古代哲学;最好还要了解西医的理论和疗法。惟其如此,才能胜任中医翻译的工作,把中医的精髓翻译、介绍到其他国家去。即使如此,译文的实际效果还要接受目标语读者的检验。中医走向世界任重道远,需要一代代人不懈地努力。

摘要：文章简要探讨了中医名词术语翻译中存在的诸多问题,进而提出了一种行之有效的中医名词术语翻译的方法——词素翻译法。介绍了词素翻译法的定义后,结合“风”、“湿”、“热”等三个常用的中医用语的翻译,详细地演示了如何运用词素翻译法进行翻译。最后,又探讨了词素翻译法的优势和局限性,以期对这方面的研究者有所启发。

关键词：中医名词术语,词素翻译法,翻译

参考文献

[1]李照国.中医翻译导论[M].西安:西北大学出版社,1993:151-154.

[2]李照国.中医英语翻译技巧[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1997.

[3]世界中医药学会联合会.中医基本名词术语中英对照国际标准[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.

名词作状语翻译例析第4篇

现代汉语中的名词一般是不能作状语的，而在古代汉语中的名词却常常可以作状语直接修饰动词或形容词，这是文言文的一种特殊语言现象。它的翻译一般可按下列三种情况而定。

一、普通名词作状语。

1.表示动作进行的状态，多带有比喻义，可译为“像……一样”或“跟……似的”。

例如：

（1）一狼径去，其一犬坐于前。《狼》（像狗一样）

（2）潭西南而望，斗折蛇行，明灭可见。《小石潭记》（像北斗星那样、像蛇爬行那样）

（3）其岸势犬牙差互。《小石潭记》（像犬牙一样）

（4）四周竹树环合。《小石潭记》（像环一样）

（5）鸢飞戾天者，望峰息心。《与朱元思书》（像鸢一样）

（6）狐鸣呼曰，大楚兴，陈胜王。《陈涉世家》（像狐狸鸣叫一样）

（7）有亭翼然临于泉上者。《醉翁亭记》（像鸟的翅膀一样）

2.表示动作进行的工具或凭借，可译为“用……”或“依据……”

例如：

（8）箕畚运于渤海之尾。《愚公移山》（用箕畚、土筐）

（9）黔无驴，有好事者船载以入。《黔之驴》（用船）

（10）每韵为一帖，木格贮之。《活板》（用木格）

（11）板印书籍，唐人尚未盛为之。《活板》（用雕版）

（12）火烧令坚。《活板》（用火）

（13）石青糁之。《核舟记》（用石青）

（14）中轩敞者为舱，箬篷覆之。《核舟记》（用箬篷）

（15）失期，法皆斩。《陈涉世家》（依照法律）

（16）乃丹书帛曰：“陈胜王”。《陈涉世家》（用丹砂）

3.表示动作进行的方式，可译为“从……”等。

例如：

（17）潭西南而望。《小石潭记》（从小石潭）

（18）群臣吏民能面刺寡人之过者，受上赏。《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》（当面）

（19）山行六七里，渐闻水声潺潺而泻出于两峰之间者。《醉翁亭记》（沿山）

4.表示动作发生或进行的处所、时间，可译为“在……”。

（20）下见小潭。《小石潭记》（在下面）

（21）皆若空游无所依。《小石潭记》（在空中）

（22）横柯上蔽，在昼犹昏。《与朱元思书》（在上边）

（23）上使外将兵。《陈涉世家》（在外面）

（24）故五月渡泸，深入不毛。《出师表》（在五月）

二、时间名词作状语。

1、岁、月、日、时用在动词前，表示动作的经常性，可译为“每年”“每月”“每天”“每时”。

例如：

（25）今诸生学于太学，县官日有廪稍之供，父母岁有裘葛之遗，无冻馁之患矣。《送东阳马生序》（每天、每年）

（26）太医以王命聚之，岁赋其二。《捕蛇者说》（每年）

2.“日”用在形容词前，表示情况的渐进性，可译为“一天天地”。

例如：

（27）乡邻之生日蹙。《捕蛇者说》（一天天地）

3.“时”用在动词前，表示动作的按期性，可译为“时时”“到时候”

例如：

（28）学而时习之。《〈论语〉八则》（时时）

（29）故时有物外之趣。《幼时之趣》（经常）

（30）谨食之，时而献焉。《捕蛇者说》（到时候）

三、方位名词作状语，翻译时可在其前加一介词，如向、从、对、到等。

例如：

（31）从小丘西行百二十步。《小石潭记》（向西）

（32）日光下彻。《小石潭记》（向下）

（33）孔子东游，见两小儿辩斗。《两小儿辩日》（到东方）

文言文的名词作状语，不仅使语言显得精炼简洁，而且形象化，但同现代汉语相比，也有不够严密的一面，所以，翻译时需要根据上下文认真考虑，才能译得明白准确。

名词2-翻译第5篇

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