preparation短语搭配-盘古文库

preparation短语搭配

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来源：莲生三十二

作者：开心麻花

2025-09-19

preparation短语搭配（精选17篇）

preparation短语搭配第1篇

例句：

1、Who prepared these building plans?

这些建筑设计图是谁制作的?

2、The defence lawyers asked for another week to prepare their case.

辩护律师要求再给他们一周准备案件。

3、This special medicine must be freshly prepared each time.

这种特殊药品必须在每次使用前配制。

preparation短语搭配第2篇

prepare to do sth.表示“准备做.”。

例句：

He will prepare for a party.

他将为一个聚会做准备。

How did you prepare for the exam?

你是怎么为考试做准备的?

Well, you can teach someone how to prepare for a negotiation.

preparation短语搭配第3篇

一、主谓搭配不当

1. 由并列短语充当的主语, 共用一个谓语造成了主谓搭配不当。

例1:随着全球气温升高, 飓风、洪水、干旱等极端气象事件的频率和强度正在增加, 气候变暖已成为全人类必须共同面对的挑战。 (2009年高考江苏卷)

例2:早上出门的时候, 他看到建筑工地上的挖掘机、装载机和十几辆翻斗车正在工作人员的指挥下挖土。分析:例1句中“频率”和“强度”共用一个谓语“增加”, 其中“频率”与“增加”不能搭配, 应改为“极端气象事件的发生频率正在提高, 破坏强度正在增加”。例2句中“挖掘机”“装载机”和“翻斗车”共用一个谓语“挖土”造成了部分搭配不当, 因为“装载机”“翻斗车”不能“挖土”。

2. 主语和谓语都是由并列短语充当, 造成了主谓搭配不当。

例3:大量事实表明, 90%的长期吸烟者, 记忆力和嗅觉灵敏度都明显迟钝和减退。

分析:句中主语“记忆力和嗅觉灵敏度”及谓语“迟钝和减退”, 都是并列短语, 因前后照顾不周而造成搭配不当, 应改为“记忆力和嗅觉灵敏度都明显减退和迟钝”。

二、动宾搭配不当

1. 由并列短语充当的谓语, 共用一个宾语造成了动宾搭配不当。

例4:采取各种办法, 大力提高和培养工人的现代技术水平, 是加快制造业发展的一件迫在眉睫的大事。

例5:市广播电视局宣布:2008年末三个月将在市区全面落实和推动有线电视数字化会议精神, 各居民小区电视信号将先后由模拟制转换为数字制。

分析:例4句中“提高”和“培养”共用了一个宾语“现代技术水平”, 但“培养水平”不能搭配。同样, 例5句中“落实”和“推动”共用了一个宾语“会议精神”, 但“推动会议精神”不能搭配。两句都是因为谓语使用了并列短语, 又共用一个宾语从而造成了动宾搭配不当。

2. 由并列短语充当的宾语, 共用一个谓语造成了动宾搭配不当。

例6:语文课堂其实就是微缩的社会言语交际场, 学生在这里学习将来步入广阔社会所需要的言语交际本领与素养。

(2009年高考江西卷)

例7:去年六月以来, 成都市锦江区的廖先生和两位朋友多次去灾区送温暖, 迄今为止, 他们共走访了二十多个社区, 近四百户家庭和三千多公里路程。 (2009年高考四川卷)

分析:例6句中宾语“本领”与“素养”共用了谓语“学习”, 但是“学习素养”不能搭配。例7句中谓语“走访”后接“社区”“家庭”和“路程”三个宾语, 但“走访路程”不能搭配。

3. 谓语和宾语都是由并列短语充当, 造成了动宾搭配不当。

例8:在新形势下, 我们应该树立新的文化发展观, 推进和挖掘文化体制创新和特色文化内涵, 着力开发富有时代精神和四川特色的文化产品。

分析:句中谓语和宾语分别是“推进和挖掘”与“文化体制创新和特色文化内涵”两个并列短语, 但是“推进”只能与“文化体制创新”搭配, “挖掘”只能与“特色文化内涵”搭配。因此, 应该改为“挖掘特色文化内涵, 推进文化体制创新”。

三、修饰语与中心语搭配不当

1. 由并列短语充当的修饰语, 共用一个中心语造成了搭配不当。

例9:围绕“农民增收”这一目标, 该信用社大力支持农村特色经济的发展, 重点向特色化、优质化、技术化农户发放贷款。

例10:在11月26日的恐怖袭击中, 恐怖分子在印度最大城市孟买的19处重要地点, 进行了“协调一致的一系列袭击”, 造成当地局势和社会秩序的骤然紧张。

分析:例9句中“特色化、优质化、技术化”三个并列短语共同修饰了“农户”, 但“优质化农户”不能搭配。例10句中“当地局势”和“社会秩序”共同修饰了“骤然紧张”, 但是不能说“社会秩序紧张”, 应该改为“造成当地局势骤然紧张, 社会秩序突然混乱”。

2. 由并列短语充当的中心语, 共用一个修饰语造成了搭配不当。

例11:越来越重的升学竞争和课业负担, 日益狭窄的生活空间和活动范围, 使现在的中学生很少有生活的体验和真实的感情。

例12:作为一个发展中国家, 要在高等教育规模持续增长的情况下, 继续保持教育质量的不断提高和发展, 中国将面临前所未有的严峻挑战。

分析:例11句中“升学竞争”和“课业负担”都由“越来越重”修饰, 但“越来越重”不能修饰“升学竞争”, 因此造成了修饰语与中心语部分搭配不当, 应该改为“越来越激烈的升学竞争和越来越重的课业负担”。例12句中中心语是“提高”和“发展”, 修饰语是“教育质量”, 可以说“教育质量的提高”, 但“教育质量的发展”不能搭配。

3. 修饰语和中心语都由并列短语充当, 造成了搭配不当。

例13:对调整工资、发放奖金、提高职工的福利待遇等问题, 文章从理论上和政策上作了详细的规定和深刻的说明, 具有很强的指导意义和可操作性。

分析:中心语“详细的规定”和“深刻的说明”前面有修饰语“从理论上和政策上”, 因前后照应不周造成了修饰语与中心语搭配不当, 应改为“从理论上和政策上作了深刻的说明和详细的规定”。

小议高考动词短语搭配辨析第4篇

下面就上述事实举例如下:

1. I mastered the skills of that beginning level position and I was given the opportunity to ____ through the company into different positions. (全国卷Ⅱ2009)

A. look upB. take upC. move upD. put up

【解析】look up“向上看、抬头看”,take up“拿起、占据”,move up“(使升级)提升”,put up“举起、建立、张贴”。句意:我掌握了基本工作技能,后来获得了晋升的机会。答案为C。

2. Would you please ____ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes?(湖北卷2009)

A. look aroundB. look intoC. look upD. look through

【解析】look around“环顾,到处看”,look into“调查,浏览,”look up“向上看”,look through“审核,仔细查看”。句意:你能不能帮我看看这份试卷,看有没有明显的错误?答案为D。

3. A notice was ____ in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time. (陕西卷2009)

A. sent up B. given upC. set up D. put up

【解析】send up“使上升”,give up“放弃”,set up“竖立、创立”,put up“挂起、张贴”。句意:为了提醒学生变更的演讲时间,一个通知被张贴了出来。答案为D。

4. Amy joined a painting group but didn’t seem to ____, so she left. (山东卷2009)

A. show offB. go up C. fit in D. come over

【解析】show off“炫耀、使突出”,go up“上涨、提高、增加”,fit in“相处融洁、合得来”,come over“过来、顺便拜访”。句意:艾米参加了一个绘画组,但是似乎和那些人合不来,所以她又退了出来。答案为C。

5. The Somali robbers’ frequent attacks on the sea urged the United Nations to ____ all nations to take immediate action.(福建卷2009)

A. fight forB. apply forC. call onD. wait on

【解析】fight for“为……而战斗”,apply for“申请”,call on“号召”,wait on“服侍”。句意:索马里海盗在海上频繁的袭击促使联合国号召所有的国家立刻采取行动。答案为C。

6. The meal over, the managers went back to the meeting room to ____ their discussion. (天津卷2008)

A. put awayB. take downC. look overD. carry on

【解析】put away“放好、储存……备用、处理掉、放弃、抛弃”,take down“拿下、记下、拆卸、病倒”,look over“从……上面看、检查、调查”,carry on“继续开展、坚持、举止正常”。句意:饭后,经理们又到会议室继续他们的讨论。答案为D。

7. “What are you reading, Tom?” “I’m not really reading, just ____ the pages. (全国卷Ⅱ2008)

A. turning offB. turning aroundC. turning overD. turning up

【解析】turn off“关掉、避开”, turn around“回转、转向”, turn over“打翻、反复考虑、翻身、翻阅”, turn up“找到、发现、出现”。句意:我没有在看书,我只是在翻阅。答案为C。

8. If the firms failed to make enongh money, they would ____.(湖北卷2007)

A. close downB. call offC. turn downD. set off

【解析】close down“倒闭”, call off“取消”, turn down“拒绝、关小”, set off“出发、引起”。句意:如果公司不能赚足够的钱,其结果自然是倒闭关门了。答案为A。

9. “Have you ____ some new ideas?” “Yeah, I’ll tell you later.” (江苏卷2007)

A. come aboutB. come intoC. come up withD. come out with

【解析】come about“发生”, come into“偶然遇到”, come up with“想出、提出”, come out with“和……一起出去”。句意:你想出一些好主意了吗?答案为C。

10. It is the sort of work that ____ a high level of concentration. (山东卷2007)

A. calls forB. makes upC. lies inD. stands for

【解析】call for“需要、要求”, make up“组成、化妆”, lie in“在于”, stand for“代表”。句意:这是一种要求高度集中注意力的工作。答案为A。

小结:做好这类试题的关键有以下几个步骤和一个前提条件:

1.步骤:第一步:通读全句,掌握句意,猜出空白处所需的含义。第二步:分析四个答案的含义,选择一个最适当的选项,并填入空白处。第三步:再一次通读句子,确保句意通顺。

version短语搭配第5篇

一、version, account, chronicle, story这组词都可用来表示对某事物的“描述”“陈述”。其区别是：

1、account表示“记事”“叙事”,多指目击者的客观描述

2、chronicle 表示“记事”“编年史”,指按事件发生的先后顺序所做的叙述或汇报。

3、story 表示“描述”“说法”,常常与另外的叙述形成对照,侧重叙述是杜撰的,或有杜撰之嫌

4、version 表示“说法”,总是与另外的叙述形成对照,侧重两者的.细节和内在关系的不同。

二、translation，version，paraphrase这些名词均含“翻译，译文”之意。

1、translation普通用词，指从一种语言到另一种语言的翻译。

2、version可与translation换用，尤指不拘泥于文字的意译，更常指某种作品的一种译文。

discussion短语搭配第6篇

7、discussion forum 讨论区

8、panel discussion 专题讨论会

9、discussion group 讨论组

10、discussion paper 讨论稿；讨论文件

11、results and discussion 结果与讨论

12、discussion list 讨论表

13、discussion method 讨论法

precious短语搭配第7篇

你应很好利用宝贵的每一分钟去学习。

Pandas are precious creatures.

熊猫是珍贵的.动物。

That old book is my most precious possession.

那本旧书是我最珍贵的财产。

He is a rather precious young man.

他是一个惺惺作态的年轻男子。

Precious few people can afford prices like that.

preparation短语搭配第8篇

本文致力于研究主管句中的评价搭配抽取任务,考虑上下文对词语倾向性的影响,抽取被评价对象、评级短语,并判断倾向性。该任务可分为四个主要阶段:1)自动识别观点句中的评价对象;2)自动识别句中的评价短语;3)识别抽取评价对象以及评价短语之间的主观性关系;4)判断主观句中评价对象的情感倾向性。例如:对于某一评论“这款相机资源占用率低、看图快速且具备不错的人物照片筛选功能。”,系统首先识别评论中的被评价对象(如:“资源占用率”,“看图”,“人物照片筛选功能”)以及评价短语(如:“低”,“快速”,“不错的”),然后结合评价对象和评价短语之间的词共现和句中距离特征,抽取句子的主观性搭配关系,最后分析评价对象的情感倾向性,即“资源占用率,低,褒义”,“看图,快速,褒义”,“任务照片筛选功能,不错的,褒义”。

本文使用的无监督的方法进行评价对象、评价短语、主观性关系的抽取和倾向性分析。评价对象的的抽取上,使用基于词频的抽取名词和名词短语作为候选,同时加入PMI过滤技术。在评价短语抽取部分,评价词一般都是形容词,动词或者副词,他们的数目一般是不变的,并且是有限的,所以这里采用建立情感词典的方式,然后对于需要处理的文本来匹配这些词,另外还将评价词前的副词加入评价短语。在主观性关系抽取上,从评价对象抽取与评价短语抽取模块,抽取的评价对象以及评价短语,它们都只是候选,该文找出距离评价对象最近的评价短语最为该评价对象的评价短语。在情感倾向分析上,将情感句分为四类,对每类分别用不同的规则来判定情感倾向。

1 基于统计的评价对象抽取

本文的使用基于词频的评价对象抽取技术。对于给定语料,首先对其分词、词性标注,然后提取其中的名词和名词短语,过滤词频低于阈值的名词或名词短语,词频过滤主要考虑到评价对象大都是在评论中多次出现的,一些不相关的名词或者名词短语很少在评价对象中出现,而且那些低词频的评价对象是用户不太关系的评价对象,可以被过滤掉。该文还过滤掉单个字的情况,因为经过观察,单个字几乎不可能成为评价对象。然后再进行PMI算法筛选得到最终的评价对象。

本文采用PMI(Poitwise Mutual Information)指标来量化词A和词B的关系,计算两词的PMI的公式如下:

本文采用雅虎的搜索结果作为语料库,对于不同的领域选取不同的代表词,比如数码领域选取“手机”作为代表词,娱乐领域选取“娱乐”作为代表词,金融领域选取“金融”为代表词等,计算代表词语候选评价对象的PMI值,选取合适的阈值,过滤掉低于阈值作为最终的评价对象。

2 基于评价词典匹配的评价短语抽取

本文的评价词典使用的是Word Net中文观点词典,使用的匹配方法是首次匹配方法,对于分词后的单词串,提取“JJ”,“JJ+JJ”,“JJ+JJ”,“JJ+JJ+JJ”等形式的单词或短语,查询它们是否在观点词典中出现,如果它出现,并且前面的词不是副词则把它作为评价短语;如果它出现并且前面的词是副词则把副词和观点词一起作为评价短语。

由于时间仓促,该文采取的基于分词的首次匹配的方法不是理想的方法,理论上采用序列最大匹配的原则来进行匹配效果会更好。

3 搭配关系抽取和倾向性判断

在评价对象和评价短语抽取后,需要对评价对象搭配合适的评价短语本文采用的规则具体如下:

1)如果句子没有评价对象,认为它是非主观句,过滤掉这条句子;

2)如果句子既有评价对象,又有评价短语,选取距离评价对象的最近的评价短语作为该评价对象的评价短语,得到(评价对象,评价短语)组合;

3)如果句子含有评价对象,但是没有评价短语,选取距离该评价对象5个单词内的,最近的,并且具特定词性组合的短语作为该评价对象的评价短语,短语的词性组合为“JJ”“JJ+JJ”、“JJ+JJ+JJ”,如果该短语的前面是副词,那么把这个副词也加入到这个评价短语中。

在情感句的判别方法上,该文采用了分治的策略,根据情感句的结构将其分为四类;继而针对各类制定相应的倾向性判断规则,最终基于无指导的方法完成评价对象的倾向性判断。主观句的类型分为三类,具体定义以及相应的情感判断规则如下:

类别一:句子带有明细的倾向性,即在情感词典中找到的带有一种倾向性(褒义或贬义)的情感词明显多于宁一种带有另一种倾向性情感词的数目,那么句中所有的评价对象的情感倾向为情感词多的情感倾向。

类别二:句中含有的情感词褒义和贬义的数目相等,那么针对句中的每个评价对象选取最近的情感词的情感倾向的为它的情感倾向。

类别三:句中没有情感词但是句子有评价对象,那么句子的极性有限与当前句子的前一个句子的极性相同,如果前一个句子没有极性,那么与离当前句子最近的有极性的句子的极性相同,句中的所有评价对象的极性为句子的极性。

4 实验结果与分析

本系统参加了第三届中文倾向性分析评测,在评测中成绩不错。此次评测的语料主要涉及数码,娱乐,金融三个领域。

本文的评价对象抽取部分总体平均结果接近所有结果的平均值,但是与最好的结果还有一定的差距,但是本文在领域D的结果明显高于其他领域的结果,领域D(数码)的结果接近于所有结果的最好值,领域E(娱乐)的远远低于领域D的结果,领域F(金融)的结果最差,说明本系统在领域D达到了较理想的性能,但是缺乏领域的适应性。究其原因大致有三:1)领域D是数码产品领域,评价大都是针对产品本身的评价,评价对象大都为描述产品本身或者本身的一部分,词性特征明显,大多为名词或者名词组合,而且虽然数码产品种类众多,但是大都具有与本文选取的领域特征词“手机”具有类似的评价对象,因此本文的方法能取得较好的结果。2)领域E是娱乐领域,用户关注的内容繁多,评价的内容五花八门,评价针对的对象也具有不确定性,很难选出具有领域代表性的词。3)领域F(金融领域)更是一个特殊的领域,评价对象很多不是名词或名词短语,领域代表词很难去去确定。

从最终结果可以看出领域D的结果仍然远远高于领域E和领域F的结果,可见领域E和领域F的复杂性高于领域D,因此本文中所使用系统的领域适应性有待提高。

5 结论

本文实现了一个评价关系抽取系统,可分为评价对象抽取、评价短语抽取、主观性抽取和倾向性判断四个部分,系统在COAE2011的评测中取得成绩一般。由评测的总体结果可以看出,观点挖掘技术目前还处于初级阶段,因此还有很广阔的研究空间。如:如何使系统具有更高的移植性和适用性,如何挖掘出更多的主观句等等,都将成为我们下一步的工作。

参考文献

[1]Hu M,Liu B.Mining Opinion Features in Customer Reviews[C].AAAI,2004:755-760.

[2]李军.中文评论的褒贬义分类研究[D].北京:清华大学,2008.

[3]Liu Bing,Hu Minqing,Cheng Junsheng.Opinion Observer:Analyzing and Comparing Opinions on the Web[C]//Proceedings ofthe 14th In ternationa1 Conference on World Wide Web.[S.l.]:IEEE Press,2006:221-229.

[4]Kim Soo-Min,Hovy E.Extracting Opinions,Opinion Holders,andTopics Expressed in Online News Media Text[C]//Proc.of Conf.ofAssocia tion for Computational Lingustics.[S.l.]:IEEE Press,2007:318-327.

[5]章剑锋,张奇,吴立德.中文观点挖掘中的主观性关系抽取[J].中文信息学报,2008,22(2):55-59.

preparation短语搭配第9篇

“So far, there has been no reported case of adult-onset immunodeficiency on the Chinese mainland,” said Deng Haihua, a spokesman for the Ministry of Health, at a press conference in Beijing on September 11.

Despite this, Deng said that the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention is already equipped with related techniques and equipment, and will strengthen monitoring over the disease.

The disease was discovered by scientists from the United States, China’s Taiwan and Thailand, who published their findings in the New England Journal of Medicine on August 23.

Like AIDS, the disease impairs people’s immune system, weakening their ability to fight off infection; yet, unlike AIDS, it does not seem to be contagious, and no virus has been found in patients, said the scientists.

Although the disease causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome like AIDS, it damages a different part of the immune system.

While HIV destroys germ-fighting T-cells, the new disease produces antibodies that block interferon-gamma, a molecule crucial to normal immune functioning, leaving people vulnerable to viruses, germs, fungal infections and parasites.

In an interview with China National Radio in early September, Wu Zunyou, Director of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, did not rule out the existence of cases of adult-onset immunodeficiency on the Chinese mainland. He said that perhaps they have not caught the attention of medical doctors.

Disease control departments on the Chinese mainland have already started to make technical preparations to identify the disease, according to Wu.

“If an immunodeficient patient tests negative for HIV, doctors can consider measuring the level of the antibodies that block interferon-gamma to determine whether the patient has the AIDS-like disease,” he said.

Unknown causes

The disease is said to usually afflict Asian adults around age 50. According to the Associated Press, the first case of the AIDSlike disease was reported in 2004. More than 200 cases have been confirmed, most of which are in Thailand and China’s Taiwan, and some in the Asian community in the United States.

The cause of the disease is still unknown. Scientists suspect genetic and environmental factors are to blame. The disease does not appear to be hereditary.

“It’s still possible that an infection of some sort could trigger the disease, even though the disease itself doesn’t seem to spread from person to person,” Dennis Maki, an infectious disease specialist at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, told the Associated Press.

A number of factors have been known to lead to immunodeficiency, including genetic defects, cancer, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and mental illness, according to Zeng Guang, Chief Epidemiologist with the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

Zeng said that immunodeficiency is not something new, and for many years, a large number of immunodeficiency sufferers showing various symptoms have seen doctors.“Only that now, as science and technology develop, people have gained new understanding of this type of disease,” he said.

Zeng suggests not labeling the disease as “bizarre” or “AIDS-like”, saying a casual definition may mislead people into believing that the disease is an epidemic, and cause unnecessary confusion.

“There is no need to panic over adultonset immunodeficiency and it is also too early to conclude that such immunodeficiency occurs only among Asian people,” Zeng said.

Wu also said that understanding a new disease is a gradual process. “When AIDS was first reported in 1981, its cause was also unknown, but doctors noticed that homosexuals, drug addicts, and patients who had received blood transfusions were susceptible to the disease, and hence suspected the disease was transmitted through blood and sexual intercourse. It wasn’t until years later that doctors were able to confirm HIV as a contagious disease,” he explained.

Not HIV paranoia

In China, groups of people reportedly suffer from HIV-negative AIDS. Such people claim to display symptoms very similar with those of AIDS, such as swollen lymph nodes, subcutaneous bleeding, joint pain, fatigue, night sweating and loss of weight, yet they test negative for HIV. Medical experts dismiss the phenomenon as mass hysteria.

After learning about the newly reported AIDS-like disease, there has been concern whether it is the same as the so-called HIVnegative AIDS.

Wu said that the two are completely different. “In the case of the recently reported AIDS-like disease, patients’ immune deficiency was proven with clinical and laboratory evidence, whereas HIV-negative AIDS is exclusively self-diagnosed,” he said.

According to Xinhua News Agency, the Ministry of Health of China first received reports of HIV-negative AIDS in June 2009. Wu estimated that there are hundreds of people who claim to suffer from the disorder.

The Beijing Times recently reported a case about Sun Li, a man who reportedly suffers from HIV-negative AIDS. Sun noticed symptoms in August 2010. Soon, his wife and son also complained about such symptoms.

Since Sun once had unprotected sex, he suspected that he might have contracted AIDS. He went for an HIV test, but tested negative. Sun and his family had undergone many medical examinations, which all indicate that nothing was wrong with them.

Later, Sun and 59 other self-proclaimed sufferers of HIV-negative AIDS were reexamined by Zeng, and again, the results of their HIV tests were negative.

The Ministry of Health said in May 2011 that no new or unknown viruses had been found among people claiming to suffer from HIV-negative AIDS, and the cause of their AIDS-like symptoms had yet to be determined.

From March to May 2011, sufferers of the “disorder” went to Guangzhou in southern Guangdong Province to receive examination by epidemiologist Zhong Nanshan. Zhong found that these people are ill to different degrees, and their illnesses were caused by known rather than unknown viruses.

Of all the 60 people tested for six common pathogens including the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), 48 were found infected. Thirtythree people, including Sun, were found to be EBV positive.

EBV can be transmitted through saliva, and that may explain why Sun’s wife and son also showed symptoms, Zhong said.

Zhong said that these pathogens can invade white blood cells and affect the immune system, causing subjectively similar symptoms.

Twelve people in the group also voluntarily received psychological tests, and seven showed abnormalities: Five had hypochondriasis, one had anxiety and one was slightly depressed.

Most of the HIV-negative AIDS patients were found to suffer from psychological AIDS phobia or other mental stress, according to Zeng. The symptoms of some HIVnegative AIDS patients relieved or even disappeared after their psychological problems were addressed.

steady短语搭配第10篇

1、I want to go steady with you. Do you want to marry me?

我希望我们的感情能稳定地发展，你愿意嫁给我吗？

2、You need to have a steady and stable relationship, as discussed above.

你需要一个稳定和稳定的关系，正如上面所讨论的。

3、However, progress is steady, and what you can do at this point is very useful.

discussion短语搭配第11篇

7、discussion forum 讨论区

8、panel discussion 专题讨论会

9、discussion group 讨论组

10、discussion paper 讨论稿;讨论文件

11、results and discussion 结果与讨论

12、discussion list 讨论表

13、discussion method 讨论法

movement短语搭配第12篇

政府试图肃清反叛运动，结果失败了。

During the 1980s the green movement gathered momentum.

20世纪80年代绿色运动的势头开始增强。

We were able to gauge the strength of the wind from the movement of the trees.

我们可根据树的摇动估计风力。

Thanks to the automobile, Americans soon had a freedom of movement previously unknown.

由于有了汽车，美国人很快就获得了前所未有的行动自由。

She observed the gentle movement of his chest as he breathed.

她观察着他呼吸时胸部的微微起伏。

The burglar alarm is activated by movement.

preparation短语搭配第13篇

Key words： analyzing teaching； learning to teach； teacher preparation

How should teacher preparation programs be designed to ensure the graduates become expert teachers？ One alternative approach to teacher preparation is to design programs that prepare prospective teachers to learn from teaching when they enter the profession. Then what would such a program look like？

Skill 1： Set Learning Goals for Students （What Are Students Supposed to Learn？）

Specifying learning goals is the first skill because until learning goals are expressed clearly， further analyses are impossible. Describing learning goals precisely requires unpacking them into component goals or sub-goals.

There are two criteria to measure prospective teachers’ skill in specifying learning goals： First， goal descriptions are more useful when they are more specific. Second， goal descriptions are more useful when they use the language of the subject.

Skill 2： Assess Whether the Goals Are Being Achieved During the Lesson （What Are Students Supposed to Learn？）

Assessing whether the goals are being achieved needs conducting appropriate empirical observations to collect the evidence. It involves a） appreciating that evidence about students’ learning is essential for assessing the effects of teaching； b） recognizing what counts as evidence that students are achieving the learning goals； and c） knowing how to collect evidence.

Skill 3： Specify Hypotheses for Why the Lesson Did or Did Not Work Well （How Did Teaching Help （or Not） Students Learn？）

Developing hypotheses that link teaching with learning requires forming conjectures about how a particular instance of teaching facilitated or inhibited a particular kind of learning.

How are hypotheses produced？ It requires an appropriate level of skepticism. Teaching is exceedingly complex. Causal hypotheses should be treated as questions to be examined further rather than as conclusions assumed to be true.

Skill 4： Use the Hypotheses to Revise the Lesson （How Could Teaching More Effectively Help Students Learn？）

Cause-effect hypotheses formed by applying skill 3 usually point the way to the revisions developed by applying skill 4. The quality of a revision depends on whether the revised episode helps all students achieve the learning goals more effectively.

Another criterion also can be applied： Does the revision increase the teacher’s opportunities to observe whether students are achieving the learning goals？

In the spirit of improving teaching through the deliberate and systematic study of teaching， this program provides a path toward improvement for teacher educators and classroom teachers.

REFERENCES：

[1]Cruickshank， D.， & Applegate， J. （1980）. Reflective teaching as a strategy for teacher growth. Educational Leadership， 38，553-554.

英语短语搭配总结第14篇

1.只能接动名词，而不能接不定式作宾语：

口诀：建议避免冒险；介意错过训练；厌恶推迟完成；承认逃脱抵抗；考虑保持忍受；想象宽恕欣赏。

suggest, avoid, risk, mind, miss, practise, dislike, delay, finish, admit, escape, resist, consider, keep, stand, imagine, forgive, enjoy

2.只能接不定式，而不能接动名词作宾语：

口诀：打算将来负担起一切，就得尝试失败，拒绝假装努力。要学会选择，决心设法完成计划。

父母会同意提供帮助，要承诺达到他们的期望要求。

want, intend, mean, afford, attempt, fail, refuse, pretend, try, learn, choose, decide, determine, manage, plan, agree, offer, help，promise, hope, wish, expect, ask

3.既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，意义不同：

口诀：go on 表继续，接doing 同一事，接to do 换一个； regret,forget , remember, 接doing 表做过，跟to do 要去做；

mean doing 意味着，mean to do 打算做；try doing 试着做，try to do设法做

4.既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，意义相同：

口诀：need, want, require, 还有一个deserve, 接不定式用被动，接doing 主动就能表被动；

Worth后接doing, 也用主动表被动，worthy 则不同，改用被动用被动。need, require, want, deserve + doing / to be done(需要做)be worth doing, be worthy of being done, be worthy to be done

(值得做)

5.接动名词作宾语，接不定式作宾补：

口诀：禁止、建议和允许，接doing作宾语，接to do 作补语。

forbid / advise / allow / permit doing sth;forbid / advise / allow / permit sb.to do sth.(禁止，建议允许某人做某事)

6.接宾语从句，从句使用虚拟语气：

1).在动词order / demand / insist/ command / advise / suggest / request / require 等词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用（should）+ 动词原形，使用虚拟语气。

口诀：每词有特点，宾语从句中，(should)+ 动词原形会出现。insist, suggest谨慎用，还要把词义细分辨。

insist(坚持要某人做某事用虚拟；坚持说、坚持认为，则不用), demand, desire, require, request, order, propose, command , ask(要求), advise, prefer, suggest(建议用虚拟，暗示，表明则不用)。

2).动词wish后接的宾语从句一律使用虚拟语气：

口诀：wish后的从句用虚拟，三种情况要梳理。主句时态不用管，从句时间是关键。