环境保护论文英文（精选6篇）
环境保护论文英文 第1篇
Low carbon and environment protection
I Abstract There is one of the most sensitive global climate issues for years, which is global warming.In general, we know that the origin of global warming is the emission of carbon dioxide.It was verified that the relationship between carbon dioxide and temperature: when there is more carbon dioxide the temperature gets warmer.This topic should be discussed under current situation to advocate people concerning with this severe environmental issue.With the development of our living standard.Low carbon and environment protection are becoming a new lifestyle gradually.However, most of us haven’t known what low carbon and environment protection is.How to live a low-carbon life is also a problem to be settled.So it is necessary for us to make this view to be known by others and know more about green life
Key words: global warming low carbon environment protection green life
II
Introduction What mostly causes Climate change is burning fuel.Many years ago, burning fuel provides human warm, lighting and cooked food.It is a great process for human development.According to the speed of burning fossil fuels around the world, the service time of using fossil fuel is brief.Coal will be run out of in 200 years;natural gas can use 50 to 60 years and oil may only last another 45 years.Fossil fuel is the major part of primary energy at present.The quantity of exploiting and burning is large.Problems are coming.The process of exploiting coal is the most typical case of environmental impact that includes damage of land, countryside and water resources.Besides, burning fuels will produce carbon dioxide.Greenhouse effect and Thermal pollution threaten human’s living conditions.Our environment is of great importance for us human beings and we accelerate the development of the environment at the same time.But we have already produced a plenty of things which are bad for environment and ourselves.Such as carbon dioxide sulfur dioxide and so on.So we put forward the concept of environment protection and call on all of us to live a low-carbon life.However, lots of people didn’t do as they said.Because of this, we ought to take action right now, and everyone should do as much as he can.If we are able to make a contribution to our environment, it can make a big difference.This paper expounds the concept of low carbon and environment protection.What is more, it also involves the way to live a low-carbon life.In addition, it tells us what we should do to live a green life.It will help to improve our concept of low-carbon and environment protection.III 1.The concept of environment protection and low carbon
1.1 The concept of environment protection The life we live today should be leaded by environment protection, so it is necessary for everyone to establish the concept of environment protection.We human beings must protect the environment that we live today.What is more, we ought to realize that green life is always around us and we should peruse it all the time.Furthermore, the concept of environment protection should be seen from all sides.We must know the environment we live are pretty important and we need do as much as we can to protect it.The ways to improve the concept of environment protection are from two sides.1、To begin with, if we want to live a green life, we should restrict ourselves at first.Moreover, it is necessary for us to call on others to live a low-carbon life
2、The government ought to put forward a list of regulations to forbid others doing things that is not good for our environment.1.2The concept of low carbon
Low carbon, to us, is a lifestyle that we should try our best to make differences such as never wasting water, using less electricity, reducing the using of petroleum and any other way which can cut down the carbon dioxide content.With the increasing emission of carbon dioxin, the weather in the world gets warmer and warmer gradually.Some snow mountains are melting, and the sea level is rising.In order to stop it, everyone in the world needs to improve the concept of low carbon.Although many countries in the world have done a mass of things to make the concept be known by others, and lots of people have admitted it, the concept should also be strengthened.The concept is very important for our environment and future.In addition, we need to get together to protect our environment and strengthen the concept.So everyone should undertake the duty of environment protection and low-carbon.Only when we do what we said can we make a difference.IV 2.How to live a low-carbon life Low-carbon life, as we can see, is a life that we use less and less energy when we work and study in order to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide.And it contributes to reducing the glob warming.It is a duty for all of us to live a low-carbon life.So it is of great necessity to know how to live a low-carbon life.1.When we study or doing something else, it is better for us to use energy-saving lamps not electric light.What is more, it is also a good choice to go to work by bike or by feet not by car.2.In order to save energy, we had better use low brightness when we use computers 3.If possible, we ought to watch TV occasionally and watch books when we have free time, for we can not only save the energy but also learn more things from books.4.It is better for us to use things that can be recycled, and we oughtn’t to throw battery randomly.It is easy to achieve the above requirements, but they play an important role in our low-carbon life.So we can do something which is considered unimportant at first and form a habit about it.And then we can live a green life.Air pollution is formed by many kinds of pollutant.Pollutant spread into the air all around.Primary source of air pollution is from factory emissions, automobile exhaust, burning reclamation and forest fire.The damage of air pollution involves industry damage, climate damage and disease.Atmosphere’s acidic pollutants and other chemical gases can corrode buildings and equipments.Besides, increasing floating dusts will product adverse effects during debugging and using equipments.Air pollution will increase the cost of industry production.On the other hand acid rain from air pollution influenced plants’ normal growth and result acidification.Serious acid rain will killed fish and decline forest.Transportation is convenient for human living, however, automobile exhaust pollution influence air condition.Air pollution also influences weather and climate.Rivers drying up and ozone depletion is derived from air pollution.Low-carbon life stands for a healthier, safer and simper lifestyle.Low carbon is not a behavior but a fashion today, and as students, we should take the responsibility at fist and call on others to live a low-carbon.We must make a contribution to the environment protection.V 3.The ways to achieve low carbon
From all these years, because of the dependence on carbon energy, the emission of carbon dioxin is increasing all these years, thus leading to the glob warming.It has great influence on the environment, economic and even the human beings.In order to settle the problem, low carbon is getting more and more necessary.So we can achieve low carbon from three sides.1.Low carbon of energy Low carbon of energy means that we can use some new energy which is not bad for the environment or have little influence on the weather.There are two kinds of energy that are able to meet our requirements.One is clean energy, such as nuclear and gas.the other is renewable energy, such as wind, solar and so on.2.Low carbon of transportation
The transport consumption today is thirty times higher than before, and the emission of greenhouse gas is so high that it has great influence on the weather.Faced with these difficulties, the change of transportation is necessary.Among all these ways to change the transportation, developing a new means of transportation is a good solution to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas.3.Low carbon of consumption Low carbon of consumption, as we can see, is a new way of consumption in life.It means green consumption, green packaging and recycling.Green consumption also means sustainable consumption;it is a new way of consumption that reduces the damage of environment and protects the ecological.Green packaging, which is a sort of packaging that can be cycled, is aim to reduce the damage to the environment, too.At last, cycling means that when we use something that can be used many times, we had better not throw it away right now and we ought to use it or give it to others, which is good for our environment.VI 4.The ways to achieve Environment protection In recent years, environment issues become more serious as speed development of region economic.It is an important measure of social development that protects the environment and maintains ecological balance.It is also the duty of every citizen.In the environmental science, it is stated that environment is the room around human and all kinds of natural factors that affects human life and development directly.In the millions of years of human history, environment played a big role in starting and developing the civilization of human being.Climate, water source, land and grasslands are material bases that make it possible for human to survive.Also, resources of forest and mineral provide human material to develop constantly.These environmental resources create the human civilization on the earth.However, when human being is making use of the material resources, our living environment has a series of environmental problems.―The publication of such literature as Our Common Future,‖ Zhu Zhongyuan wrote in his thesis in 2005 ―Care for the Earth, and 21st Century Agenda indicates that man’s awareness of water and natural ecological system has changed.‖
There are many lifestyles make more ecologically sound.Electrical energy saving is a way.The important environment protecting activity named ―My Earth Hour‖ is a typical example.Nowadays, we can try an activity named ―Unplugged on weekend‖.How can we unplug on weekend? Having a breakfast without microwave food and turning off mobile phones, computers, televisions, videos and washing machines.We can clean our rooms, write letters to our missing people, cooking a healthy food and read books.This beautiful unplugged weekend can let us turn to the healthy and environmental lifestyle.―Don’t hold things‖ is another environmental lifestyle.―Don’t hold things‖ has six points.Don’t take, don’t buy, don’t save, discarding, replacement and borrowing.Free things are usually not cherished and corner obliviously.Don’t use free plastic bags and free products without need.Don’t buy those things only if ―don’t need‖ products.If you buy many plastic products with cut price and feel satisfying, actually it is wasteful.Form a discarding habits and Learn to find other replacements before buying new products.We also can borrow rarely-used things from others.The third way is low-carbon lifestyle.Using traditional spring wound clock instead of electronic clock.Turn down computers especially displayers when you don’t need them as do any other appliances.Doing exercise without electronic machine and ride bikes rather than drive cars.A neoteric thought of environmental lifestyle is don’t divorce.Breaking a marriage aggravate global warming problem.After divorce it needs more rooms, electric power and water resource.These lifestyles can be more environmental for our earth.VII Public participation is a good way for resolving environmental conflict.Communication roles of public participation can give many thoughts to governments on the internet.Websites can increase environmental protection ways for general public.Media’s function cannot be ignoring.Participator can let public participation have chances to participate in environmental activities.But it has a big problem is that too many opinions so it is difficult to comply with each thought.Environmental issues should be reducing nowadays.We should protect environment while human is developed at the same time.People create ethics to remind environmental awareness.For each person, healthy and green lifestyle could help our life sustained.People also can devote themselves with their works.Resolving environmental conflict needs public participation.That is government’s responsibility.VIII 5.Conclusion
In conclusion, global warming has hazard to cause sea level rise and climate change: it leads to the extinction of plants and animals, while hinders people’s daily life and threatens human society.It also has few positive effects which leading people to focus on reuse, reduce, and recycle.It calls for global concentration that every country takes action to preserve the earth ecosystem.This essay consequently addressed people requiring nurturing the consciousness to conserve the sources, enlightening people to preserve the planet.If people can comprehend the details of Low carbon and environment protection well, they will realize the significance to protect the environment and what we should do in our daily life.If we want to make our environment more beautiful and make our life green.So we should do things even if they are considered to be unimportant and call on others to take part in the environment protection.We believe that environment protection and low carbon can be a part of our life, and we can set up a harmony, green and healthy life.We can make the life style become a fashion.The more attention we paid, the better world will be.IX 6.References Brown, Lester.Plan B: Mobilizing to Save Civilization.New York: Carroll and Graf Publishers, 2005.Print.Keppler, Frank.―Global Warming: The Blame is not with the Plants.‖ Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg.18 Jan.2006.Lecture.Revkin, Andrew C..―Global Warming.‖ New York Times.20 May 2010.Web.10 June 2010.Agenda 21: The Earth Summit Strategy to Save Our Planet.Boulder: EarthPress, 1993.[I.A] ―Are You A Green Consumer?‖ Consumer Reports 57, no.11(November 1992): 704–707.[III.C] Bernards, Neal, ed.The Environmental Crisis—Opposing Viewpoints.San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1991.[IV] Cebon, Peter.―Corporate Obstacles to Pollution Prevention.‖ EPA Journal 19, no.3(July 1993):20–22.[III.A] Cohen, Mark A.Management 5596: Management of Environmental Issues(syllabus).Vanderbilt University, Nashville, March 1993.[V.A] Mitsch, William J.―Ecological Engineering.‖ Environmental Science and Technology 27, no.3(1993): 438–445.[II.A]
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环境保护论文英文 第2篇
微博是当前最主要的社交媒体之一，它的推广产生了一种新的网络营销方式一微博营销。
企业借助微博平台可以开展一系列的营销活动，以实现其提升知名度，扩大品牌影响力的目的。
微博营销已逐渐成为众多企业不可或缺的营销方式之一。
然而，微博营销作为一种新兴的网络营销方式，它与传统营销方式之间存在重大区别，加之，微博营销效果的影响因素尚未准确界定，营销效果难以科学评价，因此，多数企业开展微博营销存在很大的盲目性，微博营销仍然处于摸索阶段。
微博营销究竟能为企业带来多大效益，这是企业最为关注的问题，然而，对于微博营销效果影响因素及效果评估的科学研宄，目前尚处于稀缺状态。
本文以酒店微博为研宄对象，对微博营销效果的影响因素及营销效果的评估进行深入研究：
在总结现有的关于微博营销的研究基础上，假定各酒店决策层对酒店开展微博营销持有相同的重视程度，主要从受众(微博用户)的角度探究酒店微博营销效果的影响因素。
进而，以AISAS模式为指导，剖析微博用户行为，通过问卷调查，并结合Excel和SPSS19.0数据统计分析，构建酒店微博营销效果的影响模型。
在此基础上，提出微博营销效果的评估指标假设模型，进而利用层次分析法构建完整的评估指标体系一以酒店微博营销综合效果为目标层，以影响力效果、传播效果和转化效果为准则层，
以微博影响力、品牌影响力、互动效果、粉丝价值、实际交易量和顾客满意度等8个指标为分准则层，以微博影响力指数、品牌热议度、品牌搜索数等14个指标为指标层。
最后，将此评估指标体系应用于宁波华侨豪生大酒店和宁波海尚大酒店，通过对酒店微博数据的观察和收集，运用综合指数法测算出酒店微博营销效果指数。
结果显示，这两家酒店微博营销效果收效甚微：
1.两家酒店并未充分利用微博展开各类营销活动，微博营销仍处于低水平，微博营销的开展并未使酒店的品牌知名度有明显的提升;
2.关于被转发数、被评论数和点赞数，两家酒店均不理想，粉丝中，认证粉丝比例较低，而活跃粉丝比例较为可观，但互动类活动组织很少，如何吸引大量粉丝关注，提升粉丝价值是两家酒店亟待解决的难题;
3.实际交易量并不乐观，虽然有较高的顾客满意度，但调查期内顾客发布消费体验的微博数却很少。
这两家酒店在一定程度上反映了目前酒店业开展微博营销存在的问题，由此，针对其营销现状，本文还提出了相关对策和建议：
1.准确定位，循序渐进;
2.把握微博发布的频率和最佳时间;
3.微博内容展现个性化;
4.线上线下营销活动巧妙结合;
5.增加有效粉丝，注重与粉丝互动。
关键词：微博营销;影响因素;效果评估;指标体系
ABSTRACT
Weibo is one of the most important social media tools nowadays, thepopularization of Weibo brings a new kind of network marketing - Weibomarketing. Enterprises use Weibo platform can carry out a series ofmarketing activities, in order to raise visibility and expand brand impact.
Weibo marketing has gradually become one of the indispensablemarketing channels of many companies. However, as a new kind ofnetwork marketing, Weibo marketing has some significant differencefrom traditional marketing.
In addition, the influence factors of Weibomarketing effectiveness has not been precisely defined, and marketingeffectiveness is difficult to scientific assessment. Therefore, the majorityof firms develop the Weibo marketing are blind,
and Weibo marketing isstill at the exploratory stage. How much benefit Weibo marketing canbring for enterprises, which is the enterprise most concern. However, thescientific studies about the influence factors and evaluation of Weibomarketing effect are in a state of scarcity.
This paper takes the hotels Weibo as the research object, and deeplystudies the influence factors and evaluation of the Weibo marketingeffect:
On the basis of summarizing those existing research on Weibomarketing, it is assumed that the decision-makers from different hotelshold tiie same degree of attention on Weibo marketing. Then,
this paperexplores the influence factors of hotels Weibo marketing effect from theWeibo users perspective, analyzes the Weibo users behavior guided byAISAS mode ,
tiirough the questionnaire survey to build the hotel Weibomarketing effect model with statistical software such as Excel and SPSS19.0.
On this basis, this paper puts forward tiie Weibo marketing effectevaluation index hypothetical model, and then use AHP to build acomplete evaluation system ,
this system takes the hotels Weibomarketing comprehensive effect as the goal layer, influence effect,communication effect and transformation effect as the criterion layer,takes Weibo influence, brand influence ,
interaction effect, fans value,actual trading volume and customer satisfaction as the sub-criterion layer,and takes 14 indexes such as Weibo influence index, brand hot degreesand brand search as the index layer.
Finally, this evaluation index system is applied to Ningbo HowardJohnson Plaza Hotel and Ningbo Riviera Hotel. Through the observationand data collection of the hotels Weibo, measure the hotel Weibomarketing effect index with the comprehensive index method.
The resultsshow that these two hotels have little effect about Weibo marketing:
1. Both hotels did not make full use of Weibo to launch various marketingactivities, Weibo marketing is still at a low level, and Weibo marketingdid not make the hotel brand awareness has obvious improvement;
2.Those hotels are not ideal about the number of transmission, commentand praise by Weibo users. Among their fans, the ratio of certified fans islow, while the ratio of active fans proportion is relatively substantial,
andfew interactive activities are organized. So, how to attract a large numberof fans, and enhance the fans value is an urgent problem;
3. The actualtrading volume is not optimistic. Although there is a higher satisfaction,customers release very few consumption experiences by Weibo during theinvestigation period.
To some extent, both hotels reflect the problemsexisting in the hotel industry to carry out the Weibo marketing, thus, fortheir marketing situation, this article also brings up some suggestions andcountermeasures:
1. Accurate positioning, step by step;
2. Grasp thefrequency and the best time on releasing information;
3. Showpersonalized content;
4. Online and offline marketing activities arecombined together;
5. Increase effective fans, pay attention to interactwith fans.
科技论文英文摘要中的问题 第3篇
当今世界科技迅猛发展, 科技信息量之大不可胜数。科技论文是科技工作者实验研究、理论探讨、观测评述获得的科研成果或创新见解的科学记录和总结, 也是科研成果的结晶, 它在对某一学科领域中研究的问题或实验成果做比较系统、全面的探讨, 或对某些问题进行专门的研究后, 表述其成果和研究的理论价值及其社会效益[1]。所以, 科技论文是总结、交流和传播科技成果的手段和媒介。摘要作为科技论文的重要组成部分, 是科技论文的窗口, 可使读者通过检索和阅读论文的摘要快速了解论文有关情况, 决定是否继续阅读论文的全文, 而且可被二次文献收录以及数据库采用, 以便于进行学术交流。而且, 为了进行国际间传播、交流、推广或被国际权威机构获知、承认或检索和转引等更是离不开论文中所附的英文摘要。因此, 英文摘要的质量是非常重要的。目前, 科技论文的作者都是从事科研和教学工作的技术人员, 而且编辑人员一般也来自科研和教学一线, 英文不是他们的专业和特长, 因此国内中文科技期刊的英文摘要的质量一直以来都不尽人意, 不能完全符合美国EI的英文摘要的写作要求, 距离国际交流的要求甚远。笔者查阅了一些国内中文科技期刊, 发现英文摘要中的常见问题主要是冠词、数词和标点的使用以及与英文结构、句型、语言表述习惯和美国EI英文摘要撰写规范的不一致。本文列举实例, 对这些问题进行分析和讨论。
2 存在的问题
2.1 冠词因为汉语中没有冠词和名词的单复数, 所以冠词的省略和误用以及与名词单复数的搭配不当是最为常见的错误。
原句:An efficient method for establishing mathematical m ode l w as give n.
改正:An efficient method for establishing a mathematical m ode l w as give n.
分析:句中model为单数可数名词, 其前用a表示泛指, 也是类指用法, 也可用models, 名词复数也表示泛指, 但不能用the, 因为the m ode l会成为特指[2]。
原句:The calculated stresses of hardening of rotating disks w e re pre s e nte d.
改正:The calculated stresses of the hardening of rotating dis ks w e re pre s e nte d.
分析:句中hardening+of为V-ing+of结构, V-ing前一般均加定冠词the表示特指[2]。
原句:Distribution of residual stresses and its varying char acte ris tics w e re als o s tudie d.
改正:The distribution of residual stresses and its varying characte ris tics w e re als o s tudie d.
分析:句中distribution为抽象名词, 其后的of引出一个限制性定语, 此时应加定冠词the[2]。
有时名词前没有冠词, 并非零冠词, 而是省去了不定冠词或者定冠词, 是为了避免重复等一些特殊情况, 在大多数情况下名词前需要加冠词。特别是单数可数名词, 它前面往往需要带一个冠词或其他前置词。冠词省略不当的问题大多发生在单数可数名词上, 所以在编校英文摘要的过程中应对这种情况特别留心, 如果发现单数可数名词前没有任何限定词, 就得注意此处是否缺少或省略了什么, 如果不符合英文摘要撰写要求, 就需要补上。
2.2 数词英文摘要写作中涉及数量的用法很多, 例如基数、序数、小数点、百分比、倍数、数量范围等, 这些看似简单, 但由于中文对数量的表达习惯与英文存在差异, 英文数词用法还存在其特殊之处, 所以在英文摘要的撰写过程中, 往往出现与数词正确用法不一致的地方, 有时根据中文写出的英文与想表达的含义有出入。
原句:7 epitaxial layers were grown on GaAs substrate.
改为:Seven epitaxial layers were grown on GaAs substrate.
分析:当基数词出现在句子开头时, 1～9不能用阿拉伯数字, 应当按英语数词进行拼写。其他数字两种形式均可, 较大的数目用阿拉伯数字表达既简洁又醒目[3]。
原句:The measuring accuracy varies from 2 to 5%with the e fficie ncy of 65-80%.
改为:The measuring accuracy varies from 2%to 5%with the e fficie ncy of 65%-80%.
分析:科技论文编辑规范中规定一组量值的单位相同时, 可以只在最末一个量值后写出单位, 其余量值的单位省略[5]。但是百分号作为量值单位时, 不能省略, 尤其是在英文摘要中要重复写出。
原句:This value is nearly 3.5 times greater than the ideal one. (该数值几乎比理想值大了3.5倍。)
改为:This value is nearly 4.5 times greater than the ideal one.
分析:中国人习惯用“增加了多少倍”或“减少了多少倍”, 但需要特别注意的是, 当用英语表达“比增加 (减少) 了倍”时, 英语须在汉语基础上增加一倍[4]。
2.3 标点符号英文的标点符号在形式上与用法上同中文的标点符号有许多相同的地方, 也有许多不同的地方。正因为如此, 英文标点符号的正确使用没有得到足够的重视, 在英文摘要撰写中, 作者和编辑人员沿用中文标点符号的习惯, 错用的标点符号较多。
原句:The gain and the power are 10dB、5m W, respectively.
改为:The gain and the power are 10dB, 5m W, respectively.
分析:英文标点符号中没有顿号“、”, 只有逗号“, ”, 用以分开一连串同等成分的词、短语或从句。
原句:The threshold voltage is 2～3V.
改为:The threshold voltage is 2-3V.
分析:英文标点符号中没有“～”, 英文中的“～”有时用在阿拉伯数字前表示近似, 若表示数字范围则用半字线“–”。
原句:The wireless antenna operates over the wideband fre que ncy range of 800 MHz-2.4 GHz.
改为:The wireless antenna operates over the wideband fre que ncy range of 800 MHz-2.4 GHz.
分析:因英文标点符号中的连字符“-”和半字线“–”在形式上差距较小, 所以常常被人们忽略。连字符“-”用于构成合成词, 也常用在一些单词的前缀之后, 还可以用于表示转行;半字线“–”用于表示数值的区间。
2.4 其他除了冠词、数词和标点的使用问题外, 英文摘要的结构、句型和语言表述习惯也常常存在问题, 主要是由于有的作者按照中文摘要简单地逐字直译、硬性拼凑英文摘要。例如, 用“was analyze d and s tudie d (dis cus s e d) ”来直译“分析研究 (讨论) ”, 而用“was analyzed”就可以了;不要用not onlybut also直译中文的“不但而且”这一含义, 用and就行了[6]。
美国EI的英文摘要撰写规范中要求, 用重要的事实开头, 尽量避免用辅助从句开头。特别是不要以“In order to”开头表示目的[7], 不要将“because”放在句首表示原因[6]。
美国EI对英文摘要的写作要求中规定, 描述作者的工作一般用过去时态 (因为工作是在过去做的) , 但在陈述由这些工作所得到的结论时, 应该用现在时态。作者和编辑人员有时为了严格遵守规范要求, 有时会影响语句时态的一致性。例如:
The dis tributions of the e le ctric pote ntial and the e le ctric fie ld w e re calculate d w ith the principle that the e le ctric pote ntial dis tribution in a m icrochanne l s atis fie s Laplace e quation and the boundary conditions.
前部分用的是被动语态, 后部分是主动语态, 语态不一致。句中应该或都用主动语态或都用被动语态, 避免语态混用。为了解决这个问题, 也可以把从句用短语的形式改写。
美国EI还指出, 如有可能, 在英文摘要的结尾部分将论文的结果与他人最新的研究结果进行比较, 以突出论文的主要贡献和创新、独到之处, 但是“不需要吹嘘、夸耀自己的研究结果”。例如:
The e xpe rim e nt re s ults s how that the UV-im print lithography is e ffe ctive in the re s e arch on RAM.
句中用effective来自己评价自己的研究成果, 显然是不合适的。
2建议
为了了解国外最新科技动态、加强对外科技合作与交流, 英语越来越受到人们的重视。目前人们对英文文献的阅读理解能力比较强, 但是用英语表达的能力较弱。众所周知, 多读多练是学习英语的根本方法。科技论文的作者和编辑都是具有较高英语水平的技术人员, 只要认识到科技论文英文摘要的重要性, 重视科技论文的英文摘要撰写规范, 掌握一些实用的书写规则, 模仿英文原版的写作模式, 切忌生硬直译, 多加练习, 英文表达能力一定会提高的。另外, 要充分利用工具书和互联网的作用。中文的一个字或词组往往有很多的英文单词或短语可以表达, 但是这些单词和短语之间又常常存在细微差别, 而且在不同的研究领域, 往往习惯使用不同的单词和短语, 所以在书写和编辑过程中遇到不确定的情况下, 需要仔细查阅相关领域的专业词典, 反复推敲。尤其是遇到对英文结构、句型和语言表述习惯不明确的情况下, 利用互联网的搜索功能, 查阅英语国家科技人员的文章, 判定正确的用法。再者, 要在遵守美国EI的英文摘要撰写规范的同时, 将这些规范灵活加以运用, 逐渐积累经验, 不断提高撰写英文摘要的能力。
参考文献
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[2]郑福裕, 徐威.英文科技论文写作与编辑指南[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2008.
[3]洪班信.医学论文的英语摘要写作[J].中国医刊.2007.42 (7) :75-76.
[4]秦荻辉.科技英语写作.[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社.2007.
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[6]吕萍, 曹云立.科技期刊英文摘要的编写要求[J].编辑学报.2003.15 (1) :35-37.
本期论文英文摘要 第4篇
Abstract:Whether the bank operates well depends on the public confidence, i.e. the bank credit worthiness. In-creasing bank capital adequacy and maintaining the stable bank income inflow, the steady support and guaranteed quality,etc. are the means to raise and maintain the bank credit worthiness. In our country the bank capital adequacy has not yetbeen up to the international standards; the credit asset quality is low; the profit is yearly decreased, and the state creditworthiness guarantee has become the key factor of prudently operating the state bank. Posterior to the accession to WTO,with the opening up of banking businesses, the role of the state credit worthiness guarantee has been weakening and itswithdrawal is faced with a series of difficulties.
Key Words: guaranteed state credit worthiness; state bank; capital fund; guaranteed deposit system
环境保护英文作文 第5篇
As an engineering student majoring in environmental systems, I have strong awareness of the environment and want to work in the field of environmental protection. There are three feasible ways, in my opinion, which can raise public awareness of our surrounding environment. Firstly, the appropriate education in schools can be applied to build our concept on the importance of environment and it should be taken good care. Secondly, more and more green or environmental promotions should be carried out. For example, use public transportation more frequently instead of private vehicles; print double-sided instead of one-sided to save papers. Furthermore, researches on clean energy and sustainable development should be enhanced. The natural resources on earth is not infinite and we should seek for a better method to protect our circumstance in the long run.
保护环境英文短文 第6篇
DEC.13.2010 TU XIONG
Pollution of environment
These days we often hear that our living conditions are getting more and more serious because of the destruction of our environment.It is common that many trees and animals are near extinction, and the all-important food chain has been destroyed.Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects?
