关于工作的俚语表达（精选5篇）
关于工作的俚语表达 第1篇
关于学校的俚语，copycat难道是复制的猫?
Have you ever thought about what it means to put your thinking cap on’?
你有没有想过“戴上你的思维帽”意味着什么?
How is it possible to pass with flying colours’?
怎样才能“飞黄腾达”呢?
This passage will help you decipher some of the confusing idioms surrounding school and education. With regular practice, you might just be able to use them in everyday speech yourself, and not draw a blank’ when you hear someone else use them!
这篇文章将帮助你破译学校和教育中一些令人困惑的成语。有了常规的练习，你也许就可以自己在日常演讲中使用它们了，而当你听到别人使用它们时，你就不会“画蛇添足”了!
Just remember, although these idioms derive from terminology surrounding school and education, they can be used in everyday situations.
记住，尽管这些习语来源于学校和教育的相关术语，但它们可以在日常生活中使用。
English Idioms Related to School and Education
与学校和教育有关的英语习语
1. PUT / GET YOUR THINKING CAP ON
1.开动脑筋
To engage your mind and think in a serious manner.
令大脑和思维保持在思考状态。
Right, we need to figure out how we’re going to solve this problem before mum and dad get back, so let’s put our thinking caps on!
好吧，我们必须在父母回家前想出解决问题的办法，那就让我们开动脑筋!
2. DRAW A BLANK
2.一无所获/大脑一片空白
To get no response from someone when they are asked a question.
面对提问毫无反应。
I asked him about his plans for Christmas, but I just drew a blank. He didn’t seem to understand what I was asking him!
我问过他的圣诞计划，但是一无所获。他好像根本不明白我在问什么!
3. BACK TO BASICS
3.回复本原
An approach that uses traditional ideas and methods which have been successful in the past.
一种在过去有所成效的传统理念和方法。
They seem to prefer having everything back to basics in their office. They have minimal use of advanced technology, but apparently find everything simpler and easier to manage.
看上去他们更喜欢传统的办公方式。虽然他们鲜用先进技术，但是一切变得似乎更简单、更易于管理。
4. AS EASY AS ABC
4.不费吹灰之力
Something that is very simple or easy.
某事不值一提、非常简单。
That jigsaw puzzle is as easy as ABC, I don’t understand why you’ve been struggling with it for so long.
七巧板游戏如此简单，你怎么花这么久的时间还没搞定?
5. COPYCAT
5.模仿者
Used to describe someone who copies another person’s work.
描述模仿、抄袭他人作品者。
I don’t like talking to her about my wedding plans because she’s such a copycat! I know she’ll steal my ideas and use them for her own wedding.
我不想跟她谈论我的婚礼计划，她是个地地道道的模仿者!她知道了，一定会在自己婚礼上盗用我的创意。
6. COVER A LOT OF GROUND
6.许多事情需要完成
When a lot of work needs to be completed. If there is a lot of research to be done, or material to get through.
大量的工作、研究项目急需完成或材料等待审核。
Our team have done so well over the past two weeks, we’ve managed to cover so much ground that I feel this programme may be ready by the end of this month!
过去两周，我们小组进展迅速，处理了不少事情，也许这个项目月底就能完成!
We have to complete our research within the next month. We still have a lot of ground to cover, and I fear we may not get everything done in time.
我们必须在下月底完成这项研究。可是现在仍有很多工作没有完成，恐怕不能及时完成任务了。
7. COUNT NOSES
7.清点人数
To count the number of people around you (generally used on a school trip, to check for missing students).
用于清点人数(常见于郊游时清点学生以防遗漏)。
My grandmother was constantly counting noses at the birthday party. I think she felt responsible for all the children there!
外祖母常在生日聚会上清点人数。她一定认为自己对在场的每个孩子都有责任!
8. EAGER BEAVER
8.做事勤奋的人
Someone who works hard and is very enthusiastic.
做事勤奋、干劲十足的人。
Mary is such an eager beaver, she always the first one to do whatever the boss asks. I think she’s hoping for a promotion!
玛丽做事勤奋，无论老板提出什么要求，总是第一个冲锋陷阵。她一定是想得到提拔!
9. DROP OUT OF SCHOOL (phrasal verb) / DROPOUT (noun)
9.辍学(动词词组)/辍学生(名词)
To stop attending school completely (leave without graduating).
完全不上学(尚未毕业便离校)。
She dropped out of school at the age of 14 to help her sick grandmother at home, but now she runs her own successful nursing home for the elderly!
虽然她十四岁便辍学在家照顾生病的祖母，但是如今她成功经营了一家养老院。
He’s a dropout, I can’t see him being anything successful with his current reputation.
他是名辍学生，就现在而言，我看不出他能有什么出息。
10. SHOW OF HANDS
10.举手表决
Raising hands to vote about something.
对某事进行表决。
With a show of hands, who would prefer to have longer working days but a shorter working week?
举手表决，有谁支持延长工作日但缩短工作周期?
11. LEARN (SOMETHING) BY HEART / OFF BY HEART
11.用心学习某事
To memorise something so well, that it can be written or recited without thinking.
对某事十分熟悉，能够不假思索地默写或背诵。
I can’t believe you learnt the whole Macbeth play by heart! Well done!
你竟然记住了《麦克白》全部台词!真让人难以置信!干得好!
She learnt all the compositions by Beethoven off by heart!
她用心学习了贝多芬的所有曲目!
12. BOOKWORM
12.书呆子
This is used to describe someone who reads a lot, all the time.
形容某人一直读书。
You won’t be able to convince her to come out with us, she’s a real bookworm and will probably stay in to read!
你不必费力请她和我们一起去，她是个名副其实的书呆子，可能更想在家读书!
13. FROM THE OLD SCHOOL / OF THE OLD SCHOOL
13.因循守旧
Holding attitudes or ideas that were popular and important in the past, but which are no longer considered relevant or in-line with modern trends.
仍坚持过去流行的态度或主张，尽管其已不再符合现代社会发展趋势。
She was a teacher of the old school and believed in strict discipline.
她是个老派的老师，相信严师出高徒。
My grandmother is from the old school, she made her children make their own lunches and walk to school.
祖母是个传统的人，她要求儿女们自行准备午餐、步行去学校。
14. THE SCHOOL OF HARD KNOCKS
14.(有教育意义的)困苦经历
Learning through difficult experiences in life, as opposed to a formal, classroom education.
从苦难的生活经历学习，而非接受正规的课堂教育。
I wasn’t able to go to college, but I learnt a lot in the school of hard knocks, it taught me a lot about life.
我虽然未受过大学教育，但是困苦的生活经历同样使我学到很多，让我深刻理解了什么叫生活。
15. A FOR EFFORT
15.获得嘉奖
Giving someone recognition for trying hard to do something even though they may not be successful.
对某人的辛勤付出做出肯定，即便并未取得成功。
Jenny definitely deserves an A for effort, she put so much work into her entry for the competition.
詹妮在比赛中倾注了大量的心血，理应获得嘉奖。
16. SCHOOL SOMEONE IN SOMETHING
16.训练某人做某事
To train, discipline or coach someone in something.
训练、训导或指导某人做某事。
She schooled her brother in patience.
她耐心教导弟弟。
17. CUT CLASS / PLAY HOOKY / SKIP CLASS
17.逃课/逃学/逃课
When someone plays truant and does not go to their lessons.
某人旷课或逃学。
David has been cutting class again; I haven’t seen him in any of our French lessons for the past week!
大卫又逃课了，上周就没见他上过一节法语课!
They played hooky at college so they could be first in line for the concert tickets.
为买到音乐会第一排的演出票，他们不惜逃学。
The teacher told his parents that he’d been skipping classes! He’s not allowed to go out with us now.
老师告诉家长他们的孩子过去一直翘课!所以，这个孩子现在不能跟我们一起出来玩耍了。
18. SCHOOL OF THOUGHT
18.思想派别
A particular philosophy, or a way of thinking about something.
一种特定的理念或思考方式。
One school of thought holds that cats cause allergic reactions.
某学派认为猫能引起过敏反应。
19. TELL TALES OUT OF SCHOOL / TELL TALES
19.背后讲坏话/搬弄是非
To gossip or spread rumours.
八卦或传播流言蜚语。
I wish Gina wouldn’t tell tales out of school so much, people find it hard to believe anything she says now, even if she is telling the truth!
我真希望吉娜没有现在这么八卦，即便说真话，也没人愿意相信她!
20. YOU CAN’T TEACH AN OLD DOG NEW TRICKS
20.老狗学不会新把戏
This means it is difficult to make someone change the way they do something when they have been doing it the same way for a very long time.
比喻长期养成的习惯，很难发生改变。
Jeremy tries so hard to show me how the computer works, but he doesn’t understand that you can’t teach an old dog new tricks!
杰里米不厌其烦地向我展示计算机是如何工作的，但是他不明白，我接受不了新事物。
21. THE OLD SCHOOL TIE / OLDBOY NETWORK
21.老校情结/母校情谊
The way in which men who have been to the same expensive private school, help each other to find good jobs.
毕业于同一私立学校的人会相互帮助寻找好工作。
The old school tie still has enormous power in most City companies.
在多数城市的公司中，母校情谊的力量仍不可小觑。
They don’t make any effort to find a job for themselves, the oldboy network does it all for them.
他们对找工作一点不上心，在这方面，同校情谊发挥了很大作用。
22. BRAINSTORM
22.头脑风暴
To try to develop an idea or think of new ideas.
尝试发展新理念或创造新理念。
Let’s all separate into groups and try to brainstorm as many suggestions as possible for the next school play.
那就让我们分为几组，针对下一场校园剧提出尽可能多的建议。
23. AN OLD HEAD ON YOUNG SHOULDERS
23.少年老成
A child or young person who thinks and talks like an older person who has more life experience.
言谈举止接近阅历丰富的老者似的孩子或少年。
Emily doesn’t fit in with the children at her school, she’s definitely an old head on young shoulders. She talks to them like a parent or teacher would!
艾米丽和校园里别的孩子不一样，她十分成熟。跟同学讲话的神情活像家长或老师!
24. CALL THE ROLL / TAKE THE ROLL
24.点名
To call the names of a group of people (or students) and expect them to respond to show they are present.
对一群人(或一组学生)点名以期待回应，表示其在场。
Jamie called the roll on the coach before we left to make sure that everyone had arrived.
杰米在车厢开动前点名，确保每个人都到了。
25. CRACK A BOOK
25. 打开课本学习
To open a book to study (usually used in a negative sense).
打开课本学习(通常是不情愿的)。
I kept telling my mum I didn’t need to study too hard for this exam because it’s easy, she wouldn’t listen to me though. She insisted I crack a book every evening!
虽然我反复地跟母亲讲这次考试十分简单，无须准备，但她根本不听。坚持要求我彻夜温习课本。
26. CRANK OUT A PAPER
26.机械地写论文
To write a paper or essay in a mechanical way.
机械地创作论文或文章。
I had to crank out a new paper every week to pass this course. It was really hard work!
为了通过这门考试，我不得不每周想办法写出一篇论文。真是太累了!
27. FILL IN THE BLANKS
27.填空
To supply missing words or information (this can be used in conversation or writing).
补上缺少的单词或信息(一般出现在对话或写作)。
I wasn’t here when the argument happened, so John filled in the blanks for me.
发生争执的时候我不在场，约翰可以告诉我究竟怎么回事。
28. LEARN BY ROTE
28.死记硬背
To learn something by memorising it without giving any thought to what is being learnt.
不加思考地记忆某项内容。
They had to learn the lyrics to two new songs by rote just before the show.
演出前，他们必须背下两首新歌的歌词。
29. LEARN THE ROPES
29.摸清门道
To learn how to do a job properly, or how things work.
熟悉工作内情或操作原理。
It took me a while to learn the ropes in this law firm, some of their procedures are so complicated.
我花了一段时间才摸清这个律师事务所的工作流程，一些程序实在太繁琐了。
30. LEARN ONE’S LESSON
30.汲取教训
To suffer a bad experience and know not to do it again.
从糟糕的经历中汲取教训，以免重蹈覆辙。
I thought I was being funny by mocking Peter in front of everyone, but the way he reacted was so horrible. I’ve definitely learnt my lesson to not make a joke at someone else’s expense!
我在众人面前嘲笑彼特的样子一定很滑稽，但是他的反应也太可怕了。我想我再也不会以让人付出代价的方式开玩笑了。
31. TEACH SOMEONE A LESSON
31.给某人一个教训
To do something to someone in order to punish them for something they’ve done.
做某事惩罚某人。
The boys next door wouldn’t stop playing pranks on the poor elderly couple across the road, so I played a prank on them to teach them a lesson!
隔壁的男孩一直捉弄那对过路的老夫妇，因此我好好教训了他们一顿!
32. PASS WITH FLYING COLOURS
32.考出好成绩
To pass (a test) easily with a high score.
轻松通过考试并取得好成绩
I have some exciting news: I passed my driving test with flying colours!
有条激动人心的好消息：我以优异的成绩通过了驾照考试!
33. SCHOOLBOY ERROR
33.低级错误
A very basic or foolish mistake.
低级或愚蠢的错误。
He made a schoolboy error when he passed some of the responsibilities to Jonah, who took all the credit for everything they’d done.
他犯了一个低级错误，竟然将责任推给约拿。而约拿将一切视为理所当然。
34. A QUICK LEARNER
34.学得快
Someone who is able to learn a new skill or task very quickly.
能够快速掌握某项技能或迅速完成某项任务的人。
Kelly is a very quick learner; she has only been here for a week so far and has already taken on most of the previous secretary’s roles!
凯莉对工作上手很快，才来了一个星期，就基本能够胜任秘书的角色了。
35. UNIVERSITY OF LIFE
35.生活经历
The daily life and work where you learn more than you would by going to university.
在日常生活和工作中学到的东西远比在大学多得多。
My grandfather began to work on the family farm when he was fourteen and learnt everything from the university of life.
外祖父十四岁起便在农场工作，生活教会了他许多。
36. SINGLE FILE
36.一列纵队
A line of people with one person standing behind another.
人和人纵向排列成一条直线。
We didn’t have any issues with crowd control at all. Everyone was eager to get an autograph from the band, but they waited patiently in single-file.
这里无需维持秩序。尽管每个人都无比渴望得到乐队成员的签名，但是在场的人都能排成一队，耐心等待。
37. MEET THE REQUIREMENTS FOR/OF SOMETHING
37.合乎要求
To fulfil the requirements for/of something.
合乎要求。
Unfortunately, I didn’t meet all their requirements for that job, so I didn’t get it.
不幸的是，我不符合那项工作的要求，因此未能录取。
38. MAKE THE GRADE
38.合乎水准
To be satisfactory and of an expected level.
符合要求，达到预期标准。
I didn’t make the grade for the final assignment, so I have to do it all over again!
我未能达到最终任务的要求，因此不得不重新来过!
39. HIT THE BOOKS
39.发奋学习
To begin to study hard.
开始努力学习。
I hit the books as soon as I knew the date of the exam.
我一得知考试日期便开始努力学习。
40. HAVE ONE’S NOSE IN A BOOK
40.专心读书
To be reading a book.
形容阅读书籍。
He always has his nose in a book, I wish he’d be a bit more sociable sometimes!
他总是在读书，能多点社交时间就好了!
41. GOOF OFF / GOOF AROUND
41.游手好闲/消磨时间
To waste time, procrastinate.
浪费时间，耽搁拖延。
He spent all of last week goofing around, and now he’s panicking the day before the test!
上周，他整个星期都无所事事，如今考试前一天才知道恐慌!
42. TEACHER’S PET
42.老师的宠儿
A teacher’s favourite student.
受老师青睐的学生。
She always gets really good marks, I bet it’s because she’s teacher’s pet.
她的分数一直很高，我敢打赌，这一定是老师喜欢她的缘故。
俚语小故事Blackmeatordarkmeat黑肉还是鸡腿肉
This story happened when i just came to America.One day I went to the fried-chicken fast-food restaurant attached to the school. A waiter asked me:”What kind of meat would you like ?“At that time it occured to me that i had learned in my college English class that ”white meat“refer to chicked breast while ”dark meat“ means chicken leg.However, when I spoke it went like”Black meat,please.“suddenly I found the waiter looking angry(for he happened to be a black).Then I realized that I had said something wrong.After I explained time and again that I just came to America and knew very little about slang,he became happy again.
故事发生在我刚刚到美国的时候.一天,我到学校附设的快餐炸鸡店用餐,服务员问我:”要吃哪咱鸡肉?“当时我想起大学英文课所学的”white meat“是鸡胸肉,”dark meat“是鸡腿肉.但是口中却说成”Black meat,please.“这时只见这位服务员面呈怒色(他正好是位黑人),我才意识到自己说错话了.几经解释本人初到美国不喑英文俚语,他才转怒为喜.
关于工作的俚语表达 第2篇
1.胡闹，恶作剧-愚蠢、恶作剧或欺骗行为;愚蠢或浪费时间的活动
– Our accountant has been fired as there was some monkey business with the books.
–我们的会计被解雇了，因为他做了一些与账本有关的蠢事。
– Are you still fiddling about with those old tools? Stop the monkey business and get some new ones.
你还在摆弄那些旧工具吗?别再胡闹了，买些新的吧。
2. Rat race – an exhausting and repetitive routine, a hectic struggle for success
2.疯狂竞争一种令人精疲力竭、重复性的日常活动，一场为成功而激烈的斗争。
– I’m so tired of the rat race. I’d love to retire and move to the country.
–我厌倦了这场激烈的竞争。我想退休后搬到乡下去。
– She started to work from home as she couldn’t stand the rat race at the office.
–她开始在家工作，因为她无法忍受办公室里的激烈竞争。
3. Cat burglar – a stealthy burglar who climbs into buildings, usually through upper windows, skylights, etc.
三.飞贼一种潜入建筑物的窃贼，通常通过上部窗户、天窗等进入建筑物。
– Grandfather’s old telescope has disappeared from the loft. It must have been a cat burglar that took it.
–祖父的旧望远镜从阁楼上消失了。一定是一个飞贼拿走了它。
– The inspector was surprised by the exploits of a cat burglar who only stole from upper floors and attics.
–探长对一个只从楼上和阁楼偷东西的飞贼的行为感到惊讶。
4. Top dog – the most important person in a group, somebody with the dominant position or highest authority
4.头号人物一个群体中最重要的人，具有主导地位或最高权威的人。
– I don’t want to be the top dog at our company, I just do my job as well as I can.
–我不想成为我们公司的佼佼者，我只是尽我所能做好我的工作。
– Peter is the top dog at English in our class.
彼得是我们班英语最好的学生。
5. Cash cow – a dependable source of income; a product or service that makes money
5.摇钱树可靠的收入来源;赚钱的产品或服务
– Our company’s cash cow is the sales department, which makes enough income to finance the developers.
–我们公司的摇钱树是销售部，它的收入足以为开发商提供资金。
– The publisher saw the new bestseller as a cash cow.
出版商把这本新畅销书看作是摇钱树。
6. Eager beaver – an enthusiastic hard worker; someone very excited to start a task
6.干活特别卖力的人一个热心的辛勤工作的人;一个非常兴奋地开始一项任务的人。
– The new secretary is an eager beaver. Although she comes to work at seven every day, she’s the last to leave in the evening.
新秘书是个热心的人。虽然她每天七点来上班，但她是晚上最后一个离开的人。
– Don’t be an eager beaver, we have plenty of time to do this job.
–不要做一个热心的海狸，我们有足够的时间来做这项工作。
7. Road hog – a dangerous or inconsiderate driver, someone who drives carelessly and selfishly
7.路霸一个危险或不体贴的司机，一个粗心大意、自私驾驶的人
– Sorry that we’re so slow, but there is no way to overtake that road hog in front of us.
–对不起，我们太慢了，但是我们前面的那个路霸没法追上。
– A road hog nearly ran me over at the crossing as he failed to stop at the sign.
–一个路霸在这个十字路口靠近我，他并没有看信号灯停车。
8. Black sheep – an undesirable member of a group, a disliked person, somebody who causes shame or embarrassment due to deviation
8.害群之马一个不受欢迎的群体成员，一个不受欢迎的人，一个因偏离而导致羞耻或尴尬的人。
– Don’t be surprised that he doesn’t want to take over father’s business, he’s always been the black sheep of the family.
别惊讶他不想接管父亲的生意，他一直是家里的败家子。
– They called me the black sheep as I didn’t want to go to the pub and play billiards with them.
关于美国俚语的社会语言学研究 第3篇
美国俚语是美国语言中最为活跃的因素, 从社会语言学的角度出发, 对美国俚语进行分析, 能够将美国俚语和社会社会语言学的发展态势连结起来, 从而深入认识不断变化的美国文化。
1 俚语的界定
俚语是相当特殊的一种语言形式, 其本身并不能归入错误用语当中, 又不同于“口语”, 传统意义上的俚语是指构意粗糙流通面极窄的地方语言, 也有人认为俚语是介于“口语”和“行话”之间的语言, 总之俚语的特性就在于它的不稳定性和不确定性, 但是其在美国社会、经济、文化生活中却十分的流行, 不但在美国人的日常交流中十分常见, 即使是在畅销的美国文学著作中俚语也是比较常见的, 由此可见俚语在美国的存在和应用是极为广泛的。
俚语的来源和存在的形式是极为多样的, 所以对美国俚语的规范定义一直是一个困难的工作, 在英语大百科全书上对俚语有如下的解释:俚语是一种非正式语言, 其本质特点可以体现在语音、重读和语调上, 但是更多的特质是体现在词汇形式和语义上的。
2 美国俚语的语言特点
精力旺盛、开朗活泼、勇于创新, 这些是美国人民常常引以为豪的民族特征, 美国人民的这些特征在美国俚语中体现的可谓淋漓尽致, 很多美国俚语其对词汇形式和语义内容的改变目的、改变方式和改变后的表现形式, 都极具创意非常易于与人交流。
2.1 美国俚语的形态特征
2.1.1 单音节词
作为俚语其本身体现出的使用需求, 就是要简洁明了, 能够用相对简单的表现形式表达出较深刻的语义, 在这种俚语发展模式的推动下, 美国俚语呈现出一种偏好短词的现象, 如果你对美国俚语进行总结就会发现其中, 有大量的短词甚至单音节词。如Uncle Sam (ThUnited States of America)
2.1.2 首字母缩略词
利用短语或者单词中的首字母构建俚语, 是美国俚语创新最简便的方式, 同时这一方式创造的俚语却不仅仅有这一方面的特点, 而是呈现出美国俚语普遍性的特点, 例如snafu (situation normal all fucked up) 好心办成坏事, 就是一个很好的例子, 这一词不仅创造的方式简单, 而且还将美国俚语特有的幽默彰显出来, 让这样一个尴尬的事情, 在说出来时很自然、诙谐。NATO是North Atlantic Treaty Organization北大西洋公约组织的首字母缩写, 但是生性幽默的美国人将这一首字母缩写, 扩展成为一种带有讽刺意味的俚语:No action, talk only (光说不做) 。
2.1.3 词素重迭法
结构或者发音相似的两个单词, 相互连结形成一种独特的连结短语的形式, 是美国俚语中的一种特殊语言形式, 这种语言形式最初起源于黑人的说唱音乐, 说唱歌手在进行歌词的编写时, 往往愿意将相同发音或者相同结构的词语放在一起, 以便于歌曲延续, 随着说唱音乐的流传这种词素重迭的美国俚语开始在美国文化中流行, 作为一种美国人彰显自己音乐素养的语言形式而广泛流传, 因为其本身脱胎于音乐, 所以说起来节奏感很强, 朗朗上口, 在文学作品中也经常能够见到。
比较典型的如hugger-mugger (邋遢的) , dilly-dally (游手好闲) , tip-top (非常杰出) 等。
2.2 美国俚语的语义特征
2.2.1 语义的移用
在美国俚语的词语库中, 虽然也有使用者独创的词语, 但是更多的俚语是使用者在社会生活中对现有词语的一种改造, 主要的改造形式, 就是将词语的语义进行迁移, 具体而言改造可能会根据词语的发音、意义、表现形式等等方式来进行, 这种改编的方式姑且不论, 但是改编后的俚语变得更加符合词语本身的某一方面, 变得更“接地气”, 例如swert在标准英语中代表“汗水”, 但是其用作俚语时表示的是“麻烦的事情”。Bird本义为“鸟”但是在其作为俚语来讲时, 具有“男同性恋者”的意思, banana在英语中是发音比较怪的一个词语, 因为这一单词的读音中反复出现了一个读音的不同音节, 而且发音比较局促, 读起来给人的感觉是比较忙乱的, 所以banana就有了一个全新的俚语意义“发狂的、不知所措的”。
2.2.2 词义的升格
在我国的语言组织习惯中, 就常出现“正话反说、反话正说”的语言形式, 以强调语义的表达, 在美国俚语中也常出现这种现象, 将原本属于贬义或者中性的一些词语, 进行词义的升级, 升格成为褒义词。例如Funky在标准英语中的原意是“令人生厌的”但是在美国俚语中对这一词进行了完全相反的语义诠释, 表示“极好的、时髦的”。另一个较为典型的例子是, real bad原意是“极坏的、糟糕的”但是在美国俚语中表示的是截然相反的“棒极了、极好的”意思, 这种词义升格的表达, 表面上看来是与语义极不相配的, 但是将语句中的意思结合起来, 就能够感受到美国人民的那种幽默和顽皮嬉笑的神态。而且这种精神也反应了美国人不受传统束缚、乐于创新的精神。
3 美国俚语的社会功能
3.1 产生认同感
在美国, 俚语某种程度上是专业术语的一种调侃形态, 不同的行业、不同的领域都会因为自身生产生活活动的特点而产生专属于自己行业或领域内部的俚语, 这些俚语在外行人看来是难以理解的, 但是在陌生人的交流之中, 一旦使用了一个领域的专业俚语, 就能够让谈话者对对方的身份产生信任, 并极大的拉近谈话者之间的关系, 从人的个体而言, 在谈话活动中也是愿意使用行业的俚语的, 以便能够使自己在心态上与行业本身融合, 获得行业或团队成员的认同, 从找准自己的位置, 实现自己的价值。
3.2 缓解说话者的心理压力
在社会生活中, 人会受到来自各个领域各种形式的压力, 在面对这些压力时, 俚语的应用是一种有效的自我释放的方式, 因为俚语本身包含的幽默性、戏谑性, 会让说话者在表达结束后有一种释放或者是戏虐的快感, 进而达到释放自己的目的, 同时俚语作为一种不符合语言标准的非正式语言, 本身代表的就是对规范和束缚的挑战和突破, 所以借助俚语的方式说话者可以毫无限制的释放自己, 缓解心理压力。
如上文所说, 俚语的应用是对语言标准规范的一种破坏, 从社会规范化的角度来说, 俚语扮演了一个破坏者的角色, 但是从社会生活主体———人的角度来看, 俚语的存在让人可以通过一种有限度的破坏活动, 来发泄自己心中的压力, 客观上保证了人释放心理压力方式的非暴力性, 减少了因为心理压力而发生恶性事件的概率。客观的来讲俚语的存在是现实社会标准规范化和人自我压力释放之间的调和剂, 能够保证双方的需求维持一个微妙的平衡。
3.3 增强亲昵感
美国著名诗人曾经对俚语有过生动的描述:“俚语就是这样的语言, 他把上衣一脱, 往手上啐了口唾沫, 就干其活来。”这种对俚语的生动诠释, 证明了俚语是一种非正式语言, 在正式场合是不能使用的, 但是也证明了这样的一种非正式的“接地气”的语言在非正式的环境下应用, 会起到拉近谈话者关系的积极作用, 如在市场营销活动中就可以说“Buddy, how long have you been in the biz” (伙计, 做这生意多久了?) 这种说话方式, 显然要比正式的说话方式更能拉近说话者之间的关系, 增强说话者之间的亲昵感。
4 结论
当代美国社会, 俚语盛行的状况有其深刻的社会、经济、文化原因, 在对待俚语的态度上, 社会文化主体不能是偏颇的, 要持公正的态度, 认同俚语在社会文化活动中的积极作用, 同时也要强调俚语的使用要区分场合, 要在合适的社会文化环境中使用俚语, 才能实现俚语的价值和说话者自身的价值。
摘要：美国俚语作为一种特殊的语言变体, 有着悠久的历史, 虽然在俚语的发展过程经常伴随着否定和反对的声音, 但是现实是, 美国俚语得到了广泛的社会认可, 在文学作品中有广泛的应用。本文从社会语言学的角度出发, 结合美国俚语的运用实际, 对美国俚语的社会语言学特质进行深入的研究和探讨。
关键词：美国,俚语,社会语言学
参考文献
[1]李燕.社会语言学框架下美国俚语中的性别差异研究[D].西安工业大学, 2012.
[2]林应梅.美国俚语的特征与社会功能分析[D].广西师范大学, 2012.
关于孝顺的俗语俚语有哪些 第4篇
不当家不知柴米贵，不养子不知父母恩。
从小不知老娘亲，育儿才知报娘恩。
父爱如山，母爱似水;子爱如诗，女爱似画。
孩子不好慢慢教，哪有挖井只一锹。
孝是流水，上代截流，下代干涸。
父恩比山高，母恩比海深。
父母之所爱亦爱之，父母之所敬亦敬之。
内睦者，家道昌。
甜不过蜂蜜，亲不过母女。
亲者，不敢恶于人;敬亲者，不敢慢于人。
慈孝治家，家和万事兴;文明兴邦，邦盛千古长。
重资财，薄父母，不成人子。
世界上的一切光荣和骄傲，都来自母亲。
树欲静而风不止，子欲养而亲不待。
父母天地心，大小无厚薄。
慈孝之心，人皆有之。
谁言寸草心，报得三春晖。
孝子不谀其亲，忠臣不谄其君，臣子之盛也。
慈母手中线，游子身上衣。
父母之恩，水不能溺，火不能灭。
贤不肖不可以不相分，若命之不可易，若美恶之不可移。
父母和子女，是彼此赠与的最佳礼物。
父母者，人之本也。
好饭先尽爹娘用，好衣先尽爹娘穿。
教子光说好，后患少不了。
天地之性，人物贵，人之行，莫大于孝。
出入扶持须谨慎，朝夕伺候莫厌烦。
诗书立业，孝悌做人。
上敬老、下爱小，传播美德讲慈孝。
亲善产生幸福，文明带来和谐。
不得乎亲，不可以为人;不顺乎亲，不可以为子。
孝子不谀其亲，忠臣不谄其君，臣子之盛也。
慈善行及至亲，但不应仅此为止。
慢人亲者，不敬其亲者也。
天地之性，人为贵;人之行，莫大于孝，孝莫大于严父。
要知父母恩，怀里抱儿孙。
事亲以敬，美过三牲。
父亲，应该是一个气度宽大的朋友。
父母者，人之本也。
大孝终身慕父母。唯孝顺父母可以解忧。
父母呼，应勿缓;父母命，行勿懒。
赐子千金，不如赐子一艺。
从小不知老娘亲，育儿才知报娘恩。
亲者，不敢恶于人;敬亲者，不敢慢于人。
大孝终身慕父母。唯孝顺父母可以解忧。
长者问，对勿欺;长者令，行勿迟;长者赐，不敢辞。
侍于亲长，声容易肃，勿因琐事，大声呼叱。
内睦者，家道昌。
牛要耕，马要骑，孩子不教就调皮。
劳苦莫教爹娘受，忧愁莫教爹娘耽。
父恩比山高，母恩比海深。
养儿方知娘辛苦，养女方知谢娘恩。
树小扶直易，树大扳伸难。
教子光说好，后患少不了。
月里婴儿娘引坏。
父母之年，不可不知也。一则以喜，一则以惧。
老受夸奖的孩子，最容易放任自流。
父母天地心，大小无厚薄。
不得乎亲，不可以为人;不顺乎亲，不可以为子。
孝是流水，上代截流，下代干涸。
树杈不修要长歪，子女不教难成材。
大爱无声，大德无言;大慈无界，大孝无边。
父母之恩，水不能溺，火不能灭。
世界上的一切光荣和骄傲，都来自母亲。
父母慈怀甘付一生爱，儿孙孝道喜传万古心。
慈善行及至亲，但不应仅此为止。
将出牵衣送，未归倚阁望。
德行与技艺，是子孙最美的产业。
要如亲恩，看你儿郎;要求子顺，先孝爹娘。
诗书立业，孝悌做人。
走遍天下娘好，吃遍天下盐好。
出入扶持须谨慎，朝夕伺候莫厌烦。
关于 red 俚语 第5篇
(1)The president was treated to the redcarpet in Rome.
总统在罗马受到了隆重的接待。
(2)It was a red-letter day in the history of Chinese revolution.
这是中国历史上值得纪念的日子。
(3)A thief was caught red-handed in the act of breaking open alock.
一个窃贼在砸开锁时被当场抓获。
(4)You said that l am very good. ls my face red.
你说我很好，真使我难为情了。
(5)When he started criticizing my work，l really saw red.
当他批评我的工作时，我就冒火、发脾气。
(6)There is too much red-tape in obtaining an identity card.
领身份证的手续实在太繁琐了。
(7)They had to sell the firm because for years they had operated it in the red.
因为经营这家公司几年来一直亏损，所以他们只好把它卖掉。
(8)We‘ll soon be out of the red.
我们很快就会扭亏为盈。
(9)Every time he comes to New York，he wants to paint the town red.
