定语从句要点回顾（精选2篇）

定语从句要点回顾 第1篇

关系代词有which, that, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有when, where, why等。其中that和why不能用于非限制性定语从句中。关系词的选用主要依据两条原则:一是指代什么;二是充当什么成分。

1.which指物, 作主语、宾语、表语或定语。例如:

This is the table which was bought yesterday.

The book which we talked about is on my desk.

The two policemen were completely trusted, which in fact, they were.

We told him to see the doctor, which advice he took.

The treasure, some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum.

2.that指物或人, 作主语、宾语或表语。例如:

The train that has just left is for Shanghai.

He is the man that my brother visited last month.

China is not the country that she was fifty years ago.

3.who指人, 作主语 (在非正式英语中也可用作宾语) 。例如:

Do you know the boy who is standing over there?

The man who I saw is called Albert.

4.whom指人, 作宾语。例如:

He is the man whom I met on holiday.

I want to find someone with whom I can discuss such things.

They are the new students, most of whom come from the west.

5.whose指人或物, 作定语。例如:

This is the girl whose father is a doctor.

Can you see the house whose windows face the east?

6.as指人或物, 作主语、宾语或表语。

⑴在限制性定语从句中, as主要用于以下固定结构the same as, the same…as, such as, such…as, as many as, as much as, as…as, so…as等。例如:

Let's discuss only such questions as concern every one of us.

I have never heard such stories as she tells.

My hometown is no longer the same as it was.

⑵在非限制性定语从句中, as也构成了固定的结构as we can see, as was said before, as is often said, as is well known, as often happens, as has been pointed out等。而这种结构可放在句首、句中或主句之后, 有“正像……, 正如……”等含义。例如:

As we can see, great changes have taken place in our hometown.

Great changes, as we can see, have taken place in our hometown.

Great changes have taken place in our hometown, as we can see.

另外, than和but也可用作关系代词, 指人或物。例如:

You spent more money than was intended to be spent.

There are few but admires his talent.

7.when指时间, 作状语。例如:

I will never forget the day when I joined the Army.

The summer of 1969, when men first set foot on the moon, will never be forgotten.

另外, since, before或after也可用作指代时间的关系副词。例如:

Every day since we came here has been most enjoyable.

On the day before we started off, it was raining heavily.

The years after he returned from abroad were full of opportunities for him.

8.where指地点, 作状语。例如:

This is the house where my mother used to live.

Honolulu is the city where East-West Center is located.

9.why指原因, 作状语。例如:

Traffic jam is the reason why he was late.

Do you know the reason why they didn't attend the meeting?

二、判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一:用关系代词, 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语, 就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.这是我去年呆过的山村。

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。

方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分 (主语、宾语、定语、状语) , 也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分, 先行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时, 选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose) ;先行词在从句中作状语时, 应选择关系副词 (where地点状语, when时间状语, why原因状语) 。

三、关系代词的用法区别

由于as在定语从句中主要用在固定结构中, 而which, that和who则不能, 因此, 它们之间的区别很明确。

1.that和which

⑴先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时, 或先行词是数词时, 用that, 不用which。例如:

This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.

This is the last book that he gave me.

Can you see the three that are under the table?

⑵先行词被all, every, each, no, some, any, little, few, none, much, the very, the only, the same等修饰时用that, 不用which。例如:

We have little time that we can spare.

Beijing is the very city that I want to visit.

⑶先行词为all, something, everything, much, little, few, one等不定代词时, 多用that。例如:

He told me everything that he knew.

All that remains for me to do is to say goodbye.

⑷先行词由物和人共同组成时, 用that, 不用which。例如:

Can you see the boy and some goats that are running down the hill?

The men and the guns that will be sent to the front are on the trucks.

⑸句中已存在了which时, 为避免重复, 用that, 不用which。例如:

Which is the pen that you bought yesterday?

I want to buy a house which is large and that lies near our school.

⑹在there be结构中, 用that, 不用which。例如:

There are three bags of rice in the kitchen that belong to me.

There is a refrigerator that stands in the corner of the room.

⑺关系词前有介词时, 用which, 不用that。例如:

The book about which we talked is on the desk.

This is the room in which I lived last week.

⑻在非限制性定语从句中用which, 不用that。例如:

He failed his exam, which proves that he wasn't working hard.

Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.

This is the house, the windows of which were broken.

⑼先行词为that, those时, 用which, 不用that。例如:

That which upsets me most is his manners.

Those which are in the corner of the room are yours.

2.that与who, whom的区别

⑴先行词为those, one, all, any, he, somebody等时, 多用who, whom。例如:

Those who respect others are usually respected by others.

He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.

I will find somebody whom you can go with.

⑵句中有who时, 用that, 不用who。例如:

Who is the girl that is standing over there?

⑶先行词被the very, the only, the right, the same等修饰时, 用that, 不用who。例如:

He is the very man that you are looking for.

She is the only person that I want to see.

⑷在非限制性定语从句中用who, whom, 不用that。例如:

They have a daughter, who has gone abroad for further study.

This is Mr.Smith, whom I met at a party last week.

⑸先行词作表语时, 用that, 不用who, whom。例如:

She isn't the kind of person that she was.

That was the distinguished actor that he later became.

3.whose与which的区别

whose作定语时, 指代的是某个表示人或物的名词。而which指代的是整个句子, 或用在in which case, at which point, on which occasion, by which time等结构中。例如:

He is the man whose car was stolen.

This is the house whose windows were broken.

They cut down all the trees on the mountains, which result worries us much.

The speaker paused to examine his notes, at which point a loud crash was heard.

4.from which与from where的区别

在from which中, which指代的是某个名词或代词;在from where中, where指代的是副词或介词短语。例如:

There is a small woods near our village, from which we can pick up many mushrooms.

He was standing on the roof, from where he could see the enemy's moving.

四、定语从句中的主谓一致

定语从句中谓语动词的数要和先行词保持一致。

1.在分隔性定语从句中准确确定先行词

He bought some books from the bookstore, which are useful.

(some books为先行词, 谓语动词用复数)

He saw a cow in the woods, which was his brother's. (a cow为先行词, 谓语动词用单数)

2.先行词为整个句子

The factory has made many new tractors for the farmers, which is encouraging.

(整个句子为先行词, 谓语动词用单数)

They said they had been working in the workshop for hours, which was true.

(整个句子为先行词, 谓语动词用单数)

3.与中心词保持一致

He is one of the students who are from the countryside.

(与the students保持一致, 谓语动词用复数)

Tom is the only one of my friends who has been invited to the party.

(与the only one保持一致, 谓语动词用单数)

五、关系代词与关系副词的转换

1.在the time when, the place where, the reason why结构中, when, where, why可省略, 或用that代替。这种用法一般用于口语或非正式语体中。例如:

I still remember the summer that (when) we had the big drought.

I know a place that (where) you can buy this kind of bicycle.

That wasn't the reason that (why) he lied to you.

2.which前加介词可代替when, where或why。例如:

I still remember the day on which (when) I first came to Beijing.

This is the house in which (where) my parents used to live.

I don't know the reason for which (why) he was late for school.

3.of which或of whom可代替whose。例如:

It was an agreement whose details could not be altered.

It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered.

It was an agreement of which the details could not be altered.

He took care of Little Tom whose guardian he was.

He took care of Little Tom of whom he was guardian.

六、关系词的省略

在限制性定语从句中有些关系词可以省略, 但是, 在非限制性定语从句中就不能省略。

1.which, that, who, whom作宾语时可以省略, 但介词后的which或whom则不能省略。例如:

This is the house my mother used to live in.

The person to whom I complained is the manager.

2.when, where, why, that等关系副词或“介词+which”在句中作状语时, 可以省略。例如:

I will never forget the year we worked together on the farm. (省略了when, that或in which)

I don't know any place you can get a better exchange rate. (省略了where, that或at which)

That wasn't the reason he lied to you. (省略了why, that或for which)

3.that作表语时可以省略。例如:

She is no longer the girl she was before she went to college.

The village is not the place it used to be twenty years ago.

4.在there be句型中, 关系代词可以省略。例如:

This is the fastest train there is to Beijing. (省略了that)

There are only eight persons live in the lonely village. (省略了that或who)

5.way作先行词时, 后面可用in which, that或省略关系词。例如:

That was the way in which she looked after us.

This is the way that she did it.

I don't like the way he speaks.

七、限制性与非限制性定语从句

1.定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分, 去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明, 去掉了也不会影响主句的意思, 它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如:

This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。 (限制性)

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.

这幢房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的。 (非限制性)

2.当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词和指示代词所修饰时, 其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如:

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.

查理·史密斯去年退休了, 他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.

我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.

这本小说很动人, 我已经读了三遍。

3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如:

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.

他似乎没领会我的意思, 这使我很不高兴。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽, 这就叫做蒸发。

定语从句与同位语从句的区别 第2篇

一、从词类上区别

同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等表示抽象意义的名词。而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。如：

We are looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.我们正在调查的是他是否值得信赖的问题。（同位语从句）

Word came that he had gone abroad.据说他已经出国了。（同位语从句）

The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位医生在房间里面。（定语从句，名词the doctor作先行词）

Our team has won the game, which makes us very happy.(定语从句，which代表前面提到的整个句子)His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他妈妈尽最大努力帮他学习。（定语从句，代词all作先行词）

二、从性质上区别

定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如：

The news that our team has won the game is true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句，补充说明news的内容。）

The news(that)he told me yesterday is true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。

(定语从句，that 从句作定语修饰news

I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句，补充说明promise)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。(定语从句，that从句作定语修饰promise

三、从引导词及其在句子中的成份上区别有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。如:

That question whether we need it has not been considered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。同位语从句）

引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语（指物时还可以用which代替），并且作宾语时常常省略。

That在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成份，并且不能省略，也不能用 which来代替。

The order that we(should)send a few people to help the other groups

was received yesterday.我们应派几个人去帮助别的几个小组的命令昨天已收到了。

同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，(that虽不作成份，但不能省略）

The order(that)we received yesterday was that we(should)send a few people to help the other groups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。定语从句，是名词order的修饰语，that在从句中作received的宾语，可以省略）

定语从句与强调句型的区别

强调句型的句式结构为：“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who从句”。在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，一律用that，而不用when, why或how；在强调主语和宾语时，如果主语和宾语指代人，则可用who和whom来代替that, 但是从句中的人称和数要

与被强调的主语和宾语保持一致。这些都容易与定语从句混淆。

定语从句和强调句型的判断方法：若将句中的“It is/was”和“that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若句子结构不完整，则说明原句为定语从句。定语从句中的主谓一致

1、当关系代词作从句的主语时，那么从句的谓语必须与先行词保持一致。

e.g.Last Sunday we visited a farm which is located in the suburbs

of Hangzhou.Those who are present at the meeting are all lawyers.2、one of + 名词后面的定语从句谓语用复数； the(only)one +名词后面的定语从句谓语用单数。