运用英语间接引语（精选4篇）

运用英语间接引语 第1篇

关键词：英语,直接引语,间接引语,转换问题

“把直接引语变成间接引语”既是语法教学的一个重点，又是一项很好的积累规范语言表达、理解记忆知识内容和领会原话语思想感情的综合训练形式，很多教材中都有大量的练习涉及该项技能，但是我发现教材中对该项语法介绍得不够详尽。因此，本文对上述问题做进一步的探讨，以解决教与学过程中的困惑。

1. 直接引语变成间接引语的制约因素

在作者的叙述中可以插入别人或作者本人在特定情境中说过的话语和内心的思想，这就是“引语”。按照引语的转述方式，转述行为中涉及的话语文本引语，分为直接引语和间接引语。

直接引语主要用于无约束的交谈及文艺语体和政论语体中，间接引语则主要用于相对正式的交际场合及学术语体和公文事务语体中。直接引语和间接引语不同的句法结构、语义特点和交际类型决定了它们对导入词和话语表达形式选择的差异，从而制约了部分直接引语向间接引语的转换。

1.1 导入词对直接引语变成间接引语的制约

作者话语中可能包含导入词、言语主体、受话人、言语话题、伴随言语的状况或描述主体的情形，但是在原话语重新进入交际的过程中起主要作用的是具有引述和介绍作用的导入词。

直接引语的语义特点和交际类型决定了其导入词的多样性，并且它的句法独立性也为这种选择提供了可能。英语中，常见的导入词有：ask, say, tell, beg, explain, scold, utter, gossip, argue, illustrate, pledge, chat, boast等。按照引入直接引语的方式，导入词分为直接导入词(如ask, tell, say)和间接导入词(如上述剩余导入词)。直接导入词可以准确地再现言语和思维的过程，并且它们需要必要的扩展成分，需要由直接引语弥补其语法和语义的不足。在这种情况下，引语与作者的话语联系紧密，在句法上接近于一个句子成分或从属句，因此这类直接引语可以变为间接引语。

(1) She said, “I’ll be back next week.”She said (that) she’d be back the next week.

(2) “Is she your sister?”he asked.He asked if she was my sister.

间接导入词的语义特点决定了它们不能用在或不能直接用在间接引述中，但是间接导入词可以引导说明从属句，并且它们表达的是言语中的情感或言语中的存在。如：

(3) Bill said to Mary, “Please write to me every day.”Bill begged Mary to write to him every day.

(4) Miss Chen said to Tom angrily, “Don’t be late again!”Miss Chen scolded Tom not to be late the next time.

1.2 语言表达形式对直接引语变成间接引语的制约

直接引语具有句法独立性，其表现形式灵活自由，可以按照说话者生动的话语表达形式组织语言，而间接引语是作者的讲述，体现的是作者的话语风格，说话者个人的特点只能依靠描写或部分地借助词汇和句法手段表现。因此，话语表达形式会限制部分直接引语向间接引语的转换。

直接引语中动词命令式及表达祈使、支配和命令意义的动词不定式结构只能体现说话者个人的话语风格，因此不能用在间接引语中，必须用祈使类和愿望类动词表述。另外，直接引语中可能只有或有很多感叹词、插入语和呼语，直接引语也可以是强烈的感叹句形式，但是，这种只表达感情色彩和感情色彩强烈的话语一般不以间接引语的形式出现，造成了间接引语表达感情色彩的语言手段的不足，因此，这类直接引语不能变为间接引语。试比较：

(5) And can I do that?Have I the courage?And will I work out satisfactorily if I do?Will Sondra believe meonce she hears?

这段话中描述人物的思维活动，用的都是直接引语，在描述时作者代替人物说话，是将作者的表述和小说人物的思绪融合在一起。形象具体，生动自然，思维流畅。这段话也可变为间接引语，但感情色彩、心理活动就没有用直接引语表述效果好。

(6) And could he do that?Had he the courage?And would it come out satisfactorily if he did?Would Sondra believe himonce she heard?

2. 在间接引语中再现直接引语内容的转换

直接引语变成间接引语，首先是话语从被述者视角变成转述者视角转换，其次是主观化表达变成客观化表达的情态意义的转换，再次是规范的言辞代替口语化表达的语体色彩的转换，最后是一个独立的语句变成从属句或从属句子成分的句法转换。这是按照传统语法要求进行的转换，可以称之为再现语义内容类的转换。

2.1 引语叙述视角的转换

当引语话语的叙述视角发生转换时，其中的第一人称变成转述言语行为主体的人称，第二人称变成转述言语行为对象的人称，第三人称变成转述言语行为涉及对象的人称。因此，把直接引语变成间接引语时，引语中体现叙述视角的人称代词、物主代词、有代词构成的插入语和动词的人称形式都要按照上述规则进行转换。

(7) John said, “Frankly, my dear, I don’t give a damn.”

(8) John said frankly his dear he didn’t give a damn.

My dear之类的称谓语不能改变代词而转换为his dear，另外，frankly之类的评述性状语在转换过程中应省略，英语人士不使用这种话语转述结构。

2.2 引语情态意义的转换

英语直接引语的主观情态意义由语气词、插入语、感叹词和倒装语序等体现，因此把直接引语变成间接引语时，一般省略或用中心表达手段代替上述话语成分和表达形式。

语气词可以赋予个别词语或整个句子不同的语气和各种细微的附加意义。转述是试情况删除或添加相应的动词，而且转换可以有多种形式。如：～Oops..(“错了”的意思)～Wow!(惊讶)～Eh..(和Er意思一样)～O..(OH的意思)～Rawr.(“生气”的意思)～Awww(觉得可爱或可惜的意思)～Uh..(和Er/Eh意思差不多)～Uh-oh.(表示“有什么不好的事情要发生”)～Mm..～Meh.(和Er/Eh/uh意思差不多)～Mhm.(“恩是”的意思)～Nah.(“不是/不好”的意思)。Ah!(羡慕，满意)Aha!(满意，愉快，胜利)Ahem!(唤起注意)Alas!(遗憾，悲痛，不幸)Bah!(轻蔑，厌恶)Brrr!(寒冷)Darn!(Darn it!)(愤怒，失望)Eeeek!(害怕)For goodness sake!(惊奇，害怕)Gad!(惊奇，不赞同)Gee!(惊奇，赞美)God!(Good god!Great God!My God!Oh, God!)(惊奇，恐惧)Good gracious!(惊奇，恼怒)Goodness!(惊奇，害怕，恼怒)Gosh!(惊奇)Heaven forbid!(惊奇，害怕)Heaven help me!(惊奇，害怕)(Good) Heavens!(惊奇，害怕)Help!(求助)Hey!(惊奇，喜悦，疑问，或唤起注意)Hmmm(思考)Ho (a)!(惊奇，满足，喜悦或唤起注意)I’ll be darned!(惊奇)Jesus (Christ)!(不满意，失望，痛苦，惊恐)Look out!(警告)Mmmm!(品尝满意)Mercy!(惊奇)Mercy me!(惊奇)My!(惊奇，羡慕)My, my!(惊奇)My goodness!(惊奇，害怕)My word!(惊奇)Oh!(惊奇，诧异，害怕，疼痛)Oh, boy!(激动，惊奇，惊喜(男女都可说))Oh, dear!(惊奇)Oh, my!(惊奇，羡慕)Oh, no!(害怕，惊奇，失望)Oho!(惊奇)Oh-oh!(遇到不顺心的事)Ouch(疼痛)Ow!(疼痛)Oh, well!(无可奈何)Psst!(唤起注意)Say!(唤起注意，或想起什么)Shit!(愤怒，厌恶，沮丧)Thank God!(宽慰，感谢)Thank goodness!(感谢)Tsk-tsk!(不赞同)Tut-tut!(不满，不耐烦)Ugh!(厌恶)Unbelievable!(惊讶)Watch it!(警告)Watch out!(警告)Well!(惊奇，宽慰)Well, I never!(惊奇，愤怒)Well, well!(惊奇)Whew!(如释重负)Whoopee!(高兴)Whoop!(欣喜，兴奋，或因手脚笨拙而感到尴尬)Wow!(诧异，惊讶，羡慕，快乐)Yuck(厌恶)，等等。

(9) “Wow! (What a beautiful scene!) ”Mother said.

(10) Mother highly praised the scene.

感叹词可以传达感情、感受、心理状态，以及对周围现实的情感或意愿反应。把直接引语变成间接引语时，省略或用其他词语描述情感类感叹词，

插入语表示说话者对所述内容的态度、指出所谈思想的来源和表达的方式。把直接引语变成间接引语时，省略对话语意义不产生影响的吸引注意力、填补语流空白和过度的意向类插入语及赋予话语表情色彩的情感类插入语，保留其他在话语中有重要语用功能的插入语。

倒装语序可以突出述题表达的内容或赋予话语感情色彩。把直接引语变成间接引语时，由于语境的改变和客观叙述的要求，一般用客观词序代替原来的主观词序。

3. 在间接引语中重述直接引语转换

冉永平认为：“从语用的角度来说，话语的选择与使用所涉及的不仅是语法规则的制约问题，更多的是语境因素问题。”(冉永平，2006:12)正是在语境因素的积极参与下，语言中形成了一些特殊的话语形式，它们只有依赖一定的语境因素才会具有形式的确定性、意义的完整性和信息量的适当性。把这类直接引语变成间接引语时，原话语会受到新的语境的制约而影响其自由性和独立性，因此这种转述其实是一次重新述说的过程。

(11) The salesman said, “This potato peeler is the best of its kind.”

The salesman said, “Oh, come on, buy it, it’s not expensive.It’s efficient.I beg you will like it as soon as you have it.”

若把(11)句变成间接引语，可以是：The salesman urged meto buy his potato peeler.

由此可见，直接引语转换成间接引语是涉及语法、语义和语用等语言运用层面的一种复杂现象。我们希望老师在教授该语法项目时能够有意识地引导学生熟练掌握该项技能，促进言语技能水平和课堂教学效率的提高。

参考文献

[1]Dwight Bolinger, et al.Aspects of language.U.S.A.:Har-court Bracc Jovanovich Inc., 1981.

[2]徐群, 傅冀耀主编.21世纪大学实用英语 (3) [C].上海:复旦大学出版社, 2010.

[3]章振邦主编.新编英语语法[C].上海:上海译文出版社, 1989.

运用英语间接引语 第2篇

当我们直接引用别人的原话时，叫直接引语，通常用双引号“”括起来。例如：

He said, “I like to speak French.”

他说，“我喜欢说法语。”

2.间接引语

当我们用自己的口吻和角度转述他人的话时，叫间接引语。

He said that he liked to speak French.

他说他喜欢说法语。

由于是转述，人称、时间、地点等都要变了，所以将直接引语变成间接引语时，有7种情况需要改变：

1)人称变化(从转述者的角度看)

I，you (你)he, she

my,yourhis, their

2)时态变化(把时间往过去相应地退一步)

现在一般时过去一般时

现在进行时过去进行时

3)时间的变化

nowthen

todaythatday

4)地点的变化

herethere

this placethat place

5)疑问句变成(陈述句)宾语从句

She asked, “Do you remember me?”

She asked whether her remembered her.

6)祈使句变成不定式或者宾语从句

Jack said, “Sit down here.”

Jack asked him to sit down there.

7)感叹句转换时的变化

He said, “How beautiful this place is!”

运用英语间接引语 第3篇

首先我们要知道，什么是直接引语和间接引语。直接引述别人的原话，就是直接引语，一般情况下，直接引语前后都要加引号。用自己的话来转述别人的话，就是间接引语，间接引语不需要加引号，在多数情况下，转化后的间接引语就是一个宾语从句。那么，什么样的句子可以作直接引语呢？我们根据说话人的语气，可分为陈述句，一般疑问句，特殊疑问句和祈使句这四类句子作直接引语。下面我们就分别看看每一类句子如何变成间接引语。

一、含陈述句的直接引语变间接引语

我们先看几个例子：

例1：Mr.Black said，“I am very busy now.”

Mr.Black said that he was very busy then.

例2：He said，“I will finish the work tomorrow.”

He said that he would finish the work the next day.

例3：Our teacher said， “Light travels faster than sound.”

Our teacher said that light travels faster than sound.

从上面的例子我们可以看出，转化后的间接引语与原句有着明显的区别，从标点符号、时态、人称等方面看，我们可总结为：去掉引号加that；人称变化要灵活（一主 二宾 三不变），宾语若是不存在，活用代词I， my， me（we， our ，us）；时态向后退一步，状语变化背表格。在直接引语中的某些状语变为间接引语时，课本上专门有一个变化表格。初学此语法时，需要查看表格，以后需要背下来。如果直接引语中所讲的是客观真理，变成间接引语后不需要改变时态，仍然用一般现在时，如上例3。

二、含一般疑问句的直接引语变间接引语

例1： He asked me， “Did you see the film yesterday？”

He asked me if/whether I had seen the film the day before.

例2： She said to me， “Will you go to the park with me tomorrow？”

She asked me if/whether I would go to the park with her the next day.

例3： He asked me， “Do you like this old man？”

He asked me if/whether I liked that old man.

例4： He asked ， “ Have you been to Hong Kong？”

He asked me if/whether I had been to Hong Kong.

例5：He asked us， “Are you having a meeting now？”

He asked us if/whether we were having a meeting then.

例6：He asked ， “Can they finish the work soon？”

He asked if/whether they could finish the work soon.

从以上的例子中不难看出，疑问句的语序要变成陈述语序，句末用句号。如果直接引语里用了said（said to）要变成asked。间接引语要用whether或if引导。我们可把变化规律总结为：去掉引号加if（whether）；陈述语序要牢记；时态人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。

三、含特殊疑问句的直接引语变间接引语

把一个特殊疑问句变成间接引语时，原句中的疑问词用作宾语从句的连接词。变化规则如下：直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉；小心助动词，丢它最重要。

例1： He asked me ， “when are you going to the Summer Palace？”

He asked me when I was going to the Summer Palace.

例2：My mother asked me， “what are you doing now？”

My mother asked me what I was doing then.

例3： The teacher asked me， “what does your mother do？”

The teacher asked me what my mother did.

四、含祈使句的直接引语变间接引语

如果直接引语的主句是said或said to，变成间接引语时要用asked，told，ordered。祈使句中如有please，变成间接引语时要去掉。祈使句是肯定句时，前面要加to再加动词原形，即动词不定式。祈使句若是否定句时，在不定式的前面加上not。需要注意的是，前面的三种句式变成间接引语后就是宾语从句，而含祈使句的直接引语变成间接引语后，是个简单句。变化规则可总结为：去掉引号要加to（肯定形式）；ask，order要记住；直引若是否定式，not加在to前面。

例1：The teacher said to him， “ please give me the book.”

The teacher asked him to give her that book.

例2： The teacher said to us， “please look at the blackboard.”

The teacher asked us to look at that blackboard.

例3： She told me ， “please speak a little louder.”

She told me to speak a litle louder.

例4： He said to me， “please have a rest.”

He told me to have a rest.

例5： His mother said to him， “Dont play in the street.”

His mother asked him not to play in the street.

具体用ask还是 order，可根据说话者的语气而定，用的结构就是ask/order/tell sb.（not） to do sth.让/命令/告诉某人（不要）做某事。

以上四点就是直接引语如何转化成间接引语，也可根据说话者的语气，在转述别人的话时稍做改动，但只要不影响交流，也是允许的。学会了直接引语与间接引语的转化，可加深学生对于宾语从句的理解。那么反之，如果给出间接引语，要求转化成直接引语，也可参照以上几点来变。

直接引语和间接引语练习 第4篇

1. “You’ve already got well， haven’t you？” she asked.

She asked _______.

A. if I have already got well， hadn’t you

B. whether I had already got well

C. have I already got well

D. had I already got well.

2. He asked，“ Are you a Party member or a League member？”

He asked me_______.

A. am I a Party member or a League member

B. was I a Party member or a League member

C. if I was a Party member or a League member

D. whether was I a Party member or a League member

3. He asked，“How are you getting along？”

He asked_______.

A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along

C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along

4. He asked，“What’s the matter with you？”

He asked me _______with me.

A. what the matter is B. what the mater was

C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter

5. He said， “Don’t do that again.”

He me hat again.

A. said to me；not to do B. said to me；don’t do

C. told me；don’t do D. told me；not to do

6. Can you make sure ___________？

A. that he will come here today

B. when he will come here today

C. will he come here today

D. whether will he come here today

7. Do you happen to know ________？

A. where is her address

B. in which place is her address

C. what her address is

D. the place her address is

8. Excuse me， can you tell me ___________？

A. where can I get to the library

B. where I can get to the library

C. how can I get to the library

D. how I can get to the library

9. John asked me _____ to visit his uncle’s farm with him.

A. how would I like B. if or not would I like

C. whether I would like D. which I would like

10. I’d like to know ________ Chinese.

A. when he began to learn

B. when did he begin to learn

C. when did he begin learning

D. for how long he began to learn

II. 将下列句子变为直接引语

1. I told him that I had lost my money and that I would find it.

2. She asked whether I would be free the next day or not.

3. I asked her where she was going and what she was going

to do the next day.

4. His father told him not to climb that high tree in his new

coat.

5. The stranger asked me what my name was.

6. She said that she would finish her work the next day.

7. The teacher asked if we could do it.

8. The commander ordered his men not to cross the river

before dawn.

9. My teacher asked whether he was coming.

10. The scientist asked me what I was doing.