北京英文介绍范文第1篇

人物形象设计方向(本科)

培养目标：培养具有较好的艺术素养和审美能力;熟练掌握化妆和发型技术;熟练掌握整体造型和绘图技法;熟练掌握图形处理软件的应用型人才。形象设计师的主要工作，就是通过与顾客沟通、相关专业测试等手段，根据顾客的实际情况，从整体风格、色彩、体形、化妆、发型、衣饰搭配等多个方面对其进行整体包装，目的是使顾客的内在个性实现恰当、丰富的外在表现。其目标顾客包括模特、公关、私营业主、成功人士等拥有社交需求的人群和广大爱美人士。

主干课程：

1、基本化妆技巧：组合发型与饰品搭配、实用化妆色彩学等

2、技巧变化提升：时尚新娘立体化妆手法与技巧、影楼多变化白沙造型抓纱技巧等

3、妆面造型技巧：中老年妆、儿童妆、男士妆、晚妆发型的真假发结合运用、古装及和服造型、怀旧复古发型等

4、创造力思想训练：时尚彩妆(烟熏妆、叠彩妆)、艺术时尚妆(金属妆、创意妆)、整体造型的完美组合演示等

5、最新时尚妆：水晶妆、透明妆、画意妆、金属妆、烟熏妆、叠彩妆、欧式妆的各种处理方法等

6、强化训练专业能力：饰品的手工制作、橱窗设计及各种样片拍摄的化妆造型技巧，对中老年妆、男妆、儿童妆的细节处理等

7、综合类化妆影视舞台妆：电视节目妆、MTV妆、T台妆、杂志封面妆、演出妆、各类舞台妆、伤痕效果等

8、化妆师综合能力训练：以个人形象设计为主，提升化妆师专业能力及各种不同色彩的妆面细节变化。

就业去向：

1、开办形象设计公司、形象设计工作室;

2、为明星、主持人、政要、企业家做形象顾问;

3、为企事业单位做企业员工形象指导和培训;

4、为化妆品店、服装店做形象导购;

5、为剧组、电视台做造型设计;

6、在高校担任形象设计教学工作。

学前教育方向(本科)

据统计，2007年北京市新进入幼儿园的适龄幼儿达到83,969人，较2006年巨幅增长18.6%，一举跃入新一轮的人口高峰期。据专家预测，未来 10年间，北京市的各类专业性幼儿教育机构每年用人缺口将达1500-2000人左右，急需充实大量高素质的幼儿教育工作者，以满足北京地区经济和社会发展的需要。

本专业学制四年，培养德智体全面发展，热爱幼儿教育事业，具备扎实的幼儿教育专业理论知识、掌握全面的幼儿教育教学方法和基本技能，在培养和挖掘幼儿艺术天性方面具有突出特长的应用型本科人才。

开设的主要课程包括：普通心理学、教育心理学、儿童发展心理学、学前卫生学、幼儿保健学、教育概论、学前教育学、教育统计与测量、中外幼儿教育史、素描、色彩风景写生、三大构成、实用美术、手工制作、儿童绘画解读、音乐基础、琴法、声乐、舞蹈、幼儿园课程、幼儿教育研究方法、幼儿游戏理论、幼儿园教育活动设计与指导(学前儿童美术、语言、音乐、科学、健康、社会教育)、幼儿玩具设计与制作、幼儿音乐舞蹈创编与技法等等。

毕业生适于在各级各类幼儿园、少年宫担任专职艺术教师;在专业性幼儿发展、培训和咨询机构担任专家讲师，讲授幼儿多元发展性课程、进行幼儿教育咨询、幼儿智力开发等工作;在各类幼儿文化事业单位(出版社、网站、媒体等)、婴幼儿用品设计和生产单位从事艺术设计工作;或者在幼儿教育行业的其他有关机构从事教学、研究、宣传、推广等工作。幼儿教育行业发展前景广阔，发展潜力巨大，具有广阔的职业发展空间。

环境艺术设计方向(本科)

环境艺术设计专业是我校最早开办的艺术类专业，多年来，已¾­积累了丰富的教学经­验。为社会培养了大批的优秀毕业生。

随着国家经­济的飞速发展，人们开始对生存环境的艺术品位提出更高的要求，期望生存环境更加完美。在这种需求形势下，环境艺术设计专业蓬勃发展，并形成一门独立学科。

本专业方向培养具有较高艺术修养和现代环境艺术观念的人才。以室内外空间环境设计、施工技术、装饰材料应用为主、能承担环境艺术总体规划设计，室内外装饰设计、指导和处理装修施工现场技术问题、环境艺术设计公司的经营管理等方面的高级实用型专业人才。

专业主要课程：素描、色彩写生、构成(平面、色彩、立体)设计、制图类课程、表现技法类课程、电脑平、立面图和效果图(CAD，3DMAX等)、环境照明类课程、家俱陈设设计类课程、景观设计类课程、建筑装修材料类课程、室内外设计类课程等。

该专业方向的毕业生可到以下单位就业，如建筑设计院或设计事务所、环境艺术设计公司、室内设计工程公司、建筑工程公司、房地产开发公司、展示展览公司、新型装饰材料公司、政府机关的房屋建设部门等。

数码影像艺术设计方向(本科)

数码影像艺术设计在当今社会的各个领域得到空前发展，成为新世纪最新兴的学科。信息产业是国民经济的重要支柱产业，数码影像艺术设计制作行业将会进入快速发展时期。

培养目标：掌握数码影像后期制作技术和广告片三维制作的专业技能，具有坚实的专业理论基础和独立设计，创意能力及管理能力，能与信息时代同步发展，适于从事数字化影像艺术工作的应用型高级专业人才。

本专业学生主要学习数码影像设计与创作的基本理论、基本知识和基本方法，受到与数码影像设计相关技能的基本训练，能较熟练地运用该专业的知识解决实际问题。

主要课程：美术基础类课程、摄影与摄像艺术类课程、电脑三维动»­制作类课程、电视片头制作类课程、网页制作类课程、非线型编辑类课程等。

就业方向：节目制作方向和其他影视制作单位、广告公司、事业或企业单位电视会议，网上交易技术员、电脑和视频娱乐产品开发公司、电视台和报社等。

多媒体艺术设计方向(本科)

一、 培养目标及专业介绍

多媒体艺术设计是艺术设计领域中的新学科，是把文字、图形、图像、视频、动画和声音等表现信息的媒体结合在一起，通过计算机进行综合处理和控制，并不断完善、创新发展的前沿学科领域。

培养目标：在于推动科技与艺术的结合，能够把艺术设计的新理念与数字化技术相结合的现代艺术设计人才，在教学上注重以现代艺术学为基础，通过对创作技术与专业艺术理论的学习与实践，使学生掌握适合艺术表达的方法与不断学习、研究的能力，培养具有独立思考能力和创新意识的复合研究型人才。

多媒体艺术设计本科专业成立于2003年，至今已有多数在行业中发回了骨干的作用，部分学生考取硕士，继续深造。

主要课程：素描、色彩、艺术史、设计学、构成艺术、装饰基础、平面设计(字体设计、标志设计、广告设计、书籍装帧设计等)、网页设计与制作、视频与音频技术、网络广告、多媒体编程技术与应用、多媒体课题编创等。

实践课程：图形图像处理、网页制作、非线性编辑、多媒体光盘制作、色彩风景写生，社会调查及实践，专业实习(平面设计、多媒体综合设计、网页设计制作等)

就业去向：学生毕业后所能从事的工作：多媒体设计制作，网页形象策划与设计，平面设计(书籍装帧、包装、广告、企业形象设计等)、电子出版业及相关文化产业从事多媒体及相关产品策划与设计、多媒体教学软件的开发与制作等。

数码绘画方向(本科)

专业介绍：本专业要求绘画水平较高，电脑技术较好的学生来参与，因为随着数字技术和艺术不断地结合，数字绘画在当今各个领域得到迅猛发展，它已经成为新世纪最新兴的学科。目前，国内动漫和游戏软件开发技术不断提高和深入，但造型形象设计领域水平不高，欧美、日韩风格占主流，本民族特色形象设计的人才奇缺。同时，插画和绘画艺术创作蓬勃发展，从事艺术创作的人才不断增加。数码绘画是新增专业，我校是北京乃至全国开展此专业为数不多的院校之一，在未来几年，数码绘画专业的学生就业将会有远大的前景。

培养目标：本专业培养德、智、体、美全面发展的，具有较强的造型能力和绘画技巧，并且掌握电脑数字艺术处理画面的能力，具备一定的艺术修养，有独特的设计能力和创意能力，能创造出具有本民族特色的艺术形象，能独立从事于数字绘画艺术创作和工作。

主要课程：素描、色彩、视觉传达、电脑平面设计、电脑三维软件设计、油画、国画、雕塑、版画制作、摄影基础、综合媒介材料表现、插画、图片设计、动漫角色设计、游戏软件角色设计、绘画创作

掌握技能：平面设计(图形、图像、排版、专业及数字摄影、印刷基础等)、二维动画(手绘与电脑动画的结合)、三维造型与动画、绘画创作、动漫角色设计、游戏软件人物造型设计、插画

就业需求：随着中国城市化进程的加快以及经济的高速增长，人们的生活环境发生了极大变化，网络和信息高度发展，各种游戏、动漫、插画、绘画以及当代艺术给人们带来新的视觉形象冲击，创造出新的民族原创视觉形象成为各大艺术设计公司追求的目标。北京市视觉产业公司(摄影、游戏、报刊、插画等)可达数百家，艺术形象设计创作人才奇缺，就业具有广阔的前景。

就业单位：

1、出版部门和杂志社;

2、电脑软件设计单位;

3、动漫设计制作单位;

4、影像设计单位;

5、电视台;

北京英文介绍范文第2篇

旅游与酒店管理系创建于2004年，现有专职教师13人，其中教授2名，副教授4名，近80%教师具有博士学位，近60%教师具有海外留学与访问背景。拥有广州国际旅游研究中心、华南理工大学旅游发展与规划设计中心两个科研机构，具备完整的旅游管理博士、硕士与本科招生体系和规模。

本系拥有稳定的国内外教学和学术交流合作关系，近年来，旅游管理专业在学校率先开展国际化教学改革试点和2+2国际合作办学项目。先后与美国普渡大学、英国爱丁堡大学、香港理工大学、及澳门、台湾等地高校以及国内多所著名大学建立了长期合作关系，包括联合培养、交换培养和科研合作等。专业配备完善的实验室设备设施，是华南理工大学国家级文科实验教学中心的重要组成部分，其中餐饮实验室是大学生创新创业基地。

本系秉承“宽口径、厚基础、重素质、强能力”的教学理念，依托华南理工大学理、工、经、管多学科优势，强化学科的国际性、应用性和超前性，在人才培养与社会服务方面不断扩大影响。毕业生主要去向为国际知名旅游与酒店等服务企业集团、旅游行政事业单位等。

本系教师近年来承担并参与了国家级、省部级及其他地方政府、企业委托的科研项目30余项，出版教材与专著10余部，发表核心期刊论文50余篇，拥有校级精品课程及研究生重点课程4门，获得多项教学竞赛、教学成果奖，组织学生参加全国旅游技能大赛获奖，同时，本系骨干教师出席了一系列国际国内重要学术与行业会议，并成功举办2011世界酒店与旅游管理教育峰会，学术地位和社会影响不断提升，为地区旅游经济发展、旅游行业培训、旅游开发与咨询等方面做出了积极贡献。

Department of Tourism and Hotel Management Profile Department of Tourism and Hotel Management was founded in 2004. There is 13 academic staff, including 2 professors and 4 associate professors. Nearly 80 percent of teachers have doctorate degree; nearly 60 percent have experiences of studying abroad. There are two research institutions, Guangzhou International Tourism Research Centre and Tourism Development and Planning Centre. We have full range academic programs covering bachelor degree, master as well as Ph.D. education.

We have established stable cooperation and academic exchanges with many overseas educational institutions such as Purdue University, University of Edinburgh, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, and Macau, Taiwan and other colleges and universities as well as domestic prestigious universities. Tourism Management program is the first International Teaching Reform and the “2+2” international cooperative education program in SCUT. Our laboratory is an integrated part of SCUT National Liberal Arts Experiment Teaching

Center which provides a very strong support to all our teaching initiatives.

Adhering to the philosophy of strong adaptability, solid foundation, high quality, competitive capability, and relying on the multi-disciplinary advantages of SCUT, we are always seeking to strengthen the curriculum in internationalization, knowledge application with future-oriented in mind. And we are committed to contribute more to the industry and social services.

北京英文介绍范文第3篇

we are now going to pay a visit to a place of special interest. this scenic spot is located at the center of beijing and is characterized by thousands of palatial architectures and purple walls as well as yellow glazed tile roofs- it is simply a sea of palaces. this is the world – famous wonder – the palace museum.

the palace museum has served as the royal residence during the ming and qing dynasties. it was here that a total of 24 monarchs ascended the throne and wielded power for some 500 years. the palace museum, as the most beautiful spot of interest throughout beijing, is unique for its location: to the northwest is beihai(north sea) park, famous for its white pagoda and rippling lake; to the west is the zhongnahai (central and south sea); to the east lies the the wangfujing shopping street; and to the north id jinshan park. standing in the wanchun (everlasting spring) pavilion at the top of jingshan(charcoal hill) park, you overlook the skyline of the palace museum. at the southern end of the palace is tian` anmen (gate of heavenly peace) and the famous square named after it . this is the symbol of the people` s republic of china.

a world-famous historical site, the palace museum is on the world heritage list of unesco and is an embodiment of oriental civilization.

the palace museum is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, covering a space of 720,000 square meters of which 150,000 is building area . it has 9000-strong rooms in it . according to legend there are 9999.5 room-units in all .the whole compound is enclosed by a 10-meter-hign wall and is accessed through four entrances, namely, the meridian gate in the south ,the gate of military prowess in the north, donghua(eastern flowery ) gate in the north, donghua ( eastern flowery) gate in the east and xihua(western flowery ) gate in the west. on each corner there is a turret consisted of 9 roof beams, 18 pillars and 72 ridge . encircling the compound there is a 3,800-meter-long and 52 meter-wide moat, making the palace museum a self-defensive city-within-a city.

the palace museum was made a center of rule during the ming dynasty by zhun di, the fourth son of the founding emperor zhuyuanzhang. the whole complex straddles on an 8-kilometers-long central axis that stretches from yongding (forever stable) gate in the south to gulou (drum tower) in the north. prominence was given to the royal power by putting the “three main front halls” and “three back halls ”on the axis while arrange other subsidiary structure around them .the construction of the palace museum involved manpower and resources across china. for example, the bricks laid in the halls ,known as “gold brick, ” underwent complex, two –dozen processes. as the final touch ,the fired bricks were dipped in chinese wood oil. involving complicated processes and high cost, these brick are called “golden bricks.” the palace museum serves as a living embodiment of good tradition and styles unique to china` s ancient architecture. it reflects to the full the ingenuity and creativity of the chinese working people. a carefully preserved and complete group of royal residences, the palace museum is a prominent historical and tourist site.

what we are now approaching is the main entrance to the palace museum-the meridian gate, which is characterized by red walls, yellow glazed –tile roofs and upturned eaves. on top of this walls, yellow glazed-tile roofs and upturned eaves. on top of this magnificent building ,there stand five lofty halls with a main hall in the center. the main hall is roofed by multiple eaves and covers a space of 9 room-units. it is flanked by two wings on each side .the wings are square in shape ,complete with multiple and four edged eaves and pinnacles. all of these structures are connected by a colonnade. because these halls resemble a soaring bird, it was also know as wufenglou (five-phoenix tower) . inside the main hall there is a throne. drums and bells were stored in the wings. whenever the emperor presided over grand ceremonies or observed rites in the hall of upreme harmony, drums, bells and gongs would be struck to mark the occasion.

as the legend goes, the meridian gate used to be a place where condemned ranking officials would be executed. this not true. however, flogging was carried out here by the ming emperors ,if a courtier falls afoul of the emperor, he would be stripped of his court dress and flogging with a stick .at one point the punishment became so harsh that a total of 11 people died from fatal wound on a single occasion .on the other hand, this building was also used to observe important occasions like the traditional chinese lantern festival (15th day of the first lunar month). on these occasions, chinese lanterns would be hanged and sumptuous banquets would be given in honour of the whole court of ministers and other ranking officials.

upon entering the meridian gate we began our tour of the palace museum. the river foowing in front of us is known as jin shui he (golden water river) and the five marbles bridges spanning it are known as the inner golden water bridges. the on in the middle was used exclusive by the emperor and its banisters were carved with dragon and phoenix designs. the bridges flanking the imperial one were reserved for princes and other royal members. the rest were used by palatines. aside from decoration, the golden water river was also dug as precaution against fire. most of the structures within the palace museum are made of wood. what is more ,according to ancient chinese cosmology, the south is the abode of fire, so this brook was dug on the southern tip of the palace. in this way, the palace museum reflects traditional chinese culture.

this building is called the gate of supreme harmony .in the foreground stand two bronze lions. can anybody tell which is male and which is female? the one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. the other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female? the one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. the other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female, representing prosperity the endless succession. a layout of the palace museum is posted by the entrance . from it ,you can see that the palace museum has two main parts: the forecourt and the inner court. the three main halls constitute the mainstay of the forecourt, and it was here that the emperor announced decisions and observed rites. behind the forecourt there is the inner court, consisting of major halls and the imperial garden .it was where the emperor attended state affairs, lived and enjoyed his luxurious life. the exhibition system of the palace museum involves historical court relics and articles of ancient art and culture. the palace museum houses nearly one million articles of rare treasure, or one sixth of the total number in all of china `s museums. there are the three main halls of the palace museum, built on a triple marble terrace . since most of china `s architecture is made of wood, the buildings cannot be too tall. to gain the height of the architecture, ingenious ancient artisans built the hall on a gigantic stone terrace .it is also to this end that not a single plant was grown in the square. on stairways of triple marble terrace there are 18 bronze tripods .the verandah is flanked by bronze tortoises and cranes, which served as symbols of longevity .on the east is a sundial, an ancient timepiece. on the west there is a grain measure suggesting that the emperor was just and equitable. in the front and on each flank ,there is a pair of gilt bronze vats (caldrons ) molded during the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty .each of these weights 2 tons and is filled with water as a precaution in the event of a fire .the structure in the very middle is the hall of supreme harmony ,also known as the throne hall. it is 64 meters in width and is 38 meters from entrance to rear. with terrace exclusive ,the hall is 26.92 meters in height and is 35.03 meters in all .covering and areaof 2,377 square meters, the hall of supreme harmony is china` s largest exiting wooden structure. the hall is supported by 6 thick ,round pillars carved in a design of coiling dragons. as the holiest place in the hall, the ceiling and colored patterns were made of the finest material available at that time. the throne was placed on a terrace and is flanked by statues of elephants, luduan (a unicorn which could travel 18,000 kilometers a day and understand all languages), cranes and incense barrels .over the throne there is the caisson ,or covered ceiling ,which consists of a coiling dragon playing with a ball in its mouth .this ball is known as xuanyuan mirror ,and was supposedly made by a chinese emperor of remote times to serve as a reminder that thee rulers to follow were his hereditary heirs. the throne is made of nanmu and painted in gold .magnificently built and luxuriously decorated ,this hall did not serve as a place in which the emperor attended to daily affairs. he used his hall for major events such as his birthday, conferral of title of empress or dispatch of generals to war.

behind the hall of supreme harmony ,there sits the hall of complete harmony. this structure is square in shape .each side is 24.15 meters. this was the place where the emperor relaxed and greeted his courtiers before proceeding to the hall of supreme harmony to observe rites. this was also the place where the emperor prepared prayers or examined seeds and sowers bef ore he attended ancestral sacrifices or participated in snowing ceremonies. a grand ceremony was also held here once every 10 years for the emperor to genealogize the royal blood. there are two sedan chairs on display in the hall. behind the hall of complete harmony ,you will see the hall of preserving harmony, which was used as a place where imperial examinations were held. the imperial examination was the hignest level of competing for meritorious appointment under the feudal system dating back to the sui dynasty. china` s last imperial examination was held in 1904 during the reign of emperor guangxu of the qing dynasty. to the rear of hall there is a marble ramp carved with cloud and dragon designs, the largest of its kind in the whole country . it is 16.57 meters in length, 3.07 meters in width, 1.7 meters thick and weighs 250 tons. it was quarried in fangshan county in suburban beijing. to bring this giant piece of stone to beijing people poured water onto the road and applied rolling blocks during the process.

we are now standing before the square of the hall of heaven purity. it served as a divide separating the forecourt from the inner court .this building is known as the gate of heavenly purity. emperor qianlong held court here. proceeding further north ,you can find three main rear halls ,i.e. the hall of heavenly purity. the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility. the hall of heavenly purity if flanked on either side by two gates named after the sun and moon .inside the enclosure there are 12 palaces and halls symbolizing constellations. all of the other buildings are centered around the palace of heavenly purity , which was meant to suggest that the monarch` s power was endowed by heaven. the empress and concubines lived in the inner court.

the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperor lived and attended to daily affairs. later the emperor moved to live in the palace of mental cultivation. looking up you can see a plaque bearing the chinese inscription “be open and above-board,” a manifesto to court struggle .behind the plaque a strongbox was stored containing a will bearing the name of the would –be royal successor. this approach of secretly selecting the next emperor was adopted by emperor yongzheng of the qing dynasty. two copies of the will were prepared .one was stashed by the emperor in person ,the other was placed inside the strong box behind the plaque. after the death of the emperor, the two copies would be compared and successor would be announced. it was in this way that emperor qianglong and others have ascended the throne.

behind the hall of heavenly purity you will see the hall of union and peace , which is indentical to the hall of complete harmony. it was there that the emperor received congratulations and tributes from imperial officials on major calender occasions , a total of 25 imperial seals are stored there. in the hall, you will see a plaque with the handwritten inscription of “we wei,” exhorting taoist doctrines.

further northward is the palace of earthly tranquillity, which once served as the living room of the empresses` . the hall was later converted into a sacrificial place .through the windowpanes on the eastern wall you can see the royal bed decorated with dragon and phoenix designs. this hall has also served as the bridal chamber of monarchs.

the gate of earthly tranquilliity leads to the imperial garden (known to westerners as qianlong` s garden ),which was used by the emperor ,the empress, and the concubines. a magnificent structure stands in the middle. it is called the qin `s an (imperial peace) hall. it is the only building in the palace museum that was built in taoist style. it served as a shrine to the taoist deity. the garden covers a space of 12,000 square meters ,and is 130 meters from east to the west and some 90 meters from north to the south. there are a dozen halls, verandahs, pavilions and waterside houses in the garden . on each of the fur corner there is a pavilion dedicated to the four seasons which is different in construction style and shape. the garden also features an imperial landscape. with rare trees and exotic rockery, the imperial garden served as a model for china` s imperial parks .in all ,a total of 10-strong building styles were applied.

北京英文介绍范文第4篇

便宜、为人们茶余饭后所吃用为特点，而区别于下餐和筵席大菜的

食品。在我国，小食往往又被人称为点心，因为在中国的烹饪史上，

从古到今，小食和点心这两个词经常都是互相代用，一直到今天仍然是这样。

在中国的文化史上，有一个共同的特点，那就是凡是有悠久文明历史的地方，必定有那个地方的地方小食。那是因为小食是一种饮食文化，它来自民间，植根于千家万户，是千百年来人民群众智慧的结晶。“民以食为天”，社会的生存与进步，离不开饮食，所以一个地方的文明和文化，必定会在那个地方的饮食上反映出来。

潮州地处祖国南疆，已有二千多年的文明历史，素有“海滨邹鲁”之称，故潮州也和中国其他各地一样，有着许许多多历史悠久、具有浓郁地方风味、饮誉海内外的地方小食。

北京英文介绍范文第5篇

关键词:复合式衬砌防水 防水隔离层 土工布缓冲层 ECB 塑料防水板 结构自防水 特殊部位防水

随着国民经济的发展,城市建设的日益繁荣,城市交通的紧张状况也就日益严重,城市地下铁路建设在我国正快速发展,北京、上海、天津、广州、深圳等城市已拥有地铁,沈阳等城市也开始修建城市地铁。我国大城市多在沿海或沿江河地区,地下水位高,因此做好地下工程防水施工,提高防水质量,做到不渗不漏十分重要。

呼家楼站是北京地铁十号线的中间站,是一座结构设计独特、技术难度较大的地铁站,车站位于东三环与朝阳北路交叉路口,呈南北走向,结构为分离岛式车站。另与规划的东西走向的M6线在本站成“十字换乘关系”。车站长120m,共设5个出入口。

车站防水等级为一级,结构不允许出现渗水,内衬表面不得有湿渍。车站风井结构防水等级为二级,顶部不允许滴漏,其他部位不允许漏水,结构表面可有少量湿渍,总湿渍面积不应大于总防水面积的6/1000;任意100m2防水面积上的湿渍不超过4处,单个湿渍的最大面积不大于0.2m2。 1地铁工程防水存在的主要问题 1.1防水材料问题

地下工程常用防水材料有涂料类和卷材两种,由于地铁车站为一级防水,防水质量要求高,涂料类防水材料在结构初支基面不平整、不干净,潮湿或灰尘较大的情况下施工,和基面容易形成两层皮,无法保证防水效果,因此,地铁防水施工通常采用卷材类防水材料。

目前北京地铁施工中普遍采用复合式衬砌防水,由缓冲层与防水板组成,外包在车站二次衬砌结构外侧,形成闭合封闭体,起到隔水作用。 1.2结构自防水问题

由于车站采用C30、P10现浇钢筋混凝土结构,混凝土标号高、抗渗等级高,造成单位体积混凝土的水泥用量多,从而使水化热高,混凝土的收缩量加大,致使混凝土产生裂缝,削弱了混凝土的自防水能力。

另一方面,在车站的高直边墙、拱部混凝土浇注过程中难以振捣,导致混凝土不密实,如拱顶封口只能靠泵送压力压入混凝土填充,密实度难以保证,容易形成渗漏孔隙。

混凝土的配合比、和易性、入模温度及供应的及时性等因素影响混凝土质量,处理不当也会使混凝土不密实,产生缝隙,造成后期渗漏。

1.3变形缝、施工缝、穿墙管等部位防水问题

变形缝、施工缝、穿墙管等部位是地下工程防水的薄弱环节,处理不当极易产生渗漏水,尤其是穿墙管,防水处理不当容易把地下水引进结构内。 2呼家楼车站防水施工方法

呼家楼车站采用复合式衬砌防水,即由初期支护、防水隔离层、二次衬砌构成3道防水防线。其中防水层不仅起防水作用,在整体结构中还起到隔离初期支护喷射混凝土与二次衬砌模筑混凝土,防止二衬混凝土开裂。

由于二次衬砌混凝土在浇注完成硬化过程中,混凝土内部存在收缩应力、温度应力,混凝土在收缩过程中与外侧喷射混凝土产生摩擦,由于喷射混凝土表面粗糙,约束其变形,产生拉应力,容易致使二衬混凝土开裂,因此,在初支护喷射混凝土与二衬混凝土之间设置表面光滑的防水层,可以大大减小拉应力的产生,有效的保护二衬混凝土的防水质量。 2.1防水隔离层 目前北京地铁工程使用的防水材料有LDPE膜、EVA膜、PVC板、ECB板。经已有工程的检验LDPE膜、EVA膜较薄(0.8mm),抗刺穿能力弱,二衬钢筋施工过程中容易破坏;PVC板在热熔焊接时产生有毒气体,危害人体健康,且焊接质量不易保证,现已较少使用。ECB板在抗拉、断裂延伸率、就抗刺穿性能上均优于前者,新建工程已广泛使用。

呼家楼车站外包防水层材料选用400g/m2土工布缓冲层和2mm厚ECB塑料防水板组成,其耐老化,耐细菌腐蚀,易操作且焊接时无毒气,适宜在潮湿基面上施工,施工采用无钉铺设工艺(见图1)。

2.1.1基面要求

①铺设防水板的基面表面应无明流水,否则应进行初支护背后注浆或表面刚性封堵处理,待基层表面无明水时,再施工做下道工序。

②铺设防水板的基面应平整;处理方法可采用喷射混凝土或砂浆抹面的方法,一般宜采用水泥砂浆抹面的处理方法,处理后的基面应满足:D/L≤1/8;D为相邻两凸面间凹进去的最大深度,L为相邻两凹凸间的最小距离。

③基面不得有尖锐的毛刺部位、不得有铁管、钢筋、铁丝等凸出物存在,否则应从根部进行凿除,然后在凿除部位采用1:2.5的水泥砂浆进行覆盖处理。

④变形缝两侧各50cm范围内的基面全部采用1:2.5的水泥砂浆找平,以便于背帖式止水带的安装,从而保证防水分区的效果。

2.1.2土工布缓冲层铺设及塑料垫片固定 400g/m2土工布具有一定的密实度和柔软性,在铺设缓冲层时,基层表面应平整无明水,用L≥32mm射钉将塑料垫片钉在土工布上固定缓冲层,缓冲层应分段铺设长度根据施工现场安排而定。塑料垫片的排列从上而下,拱顶间距为50cm,两侧边墙间距为80cm~100cm,底板间距为150cm~200cm,呈梅花状布置。

①土工布搭接5cm,搭接边用热风焊枪点粘焊接或射钉固定,间隔30cm~50cm。

②缓冲层的铺贴方向无一定要求,但一定要铺贴平整,以便为ECB防水层创造平整的基面,从而获得平整的防水层。

用的塑料圆垫片的布设位置须根据砼基面状况而定。只要可能,就选择基底面的低处来作固定点,以免防水层在此处绷紧吊空或浇筑二衬混凝土时弄破。钉子应被埋在垫圈的凹槽内,而不致与防水卷材接触破坏防水层。

2.1.3ECB卷材铺设

顶、底纵梁背后的ECB防水板卷材宜采用纵向铺设的方法,以减少T形接缝,尽量避免十字接缝。铺设时,一般予留出大于400mm余量,当浇注二次混凝土时,卷材不致被拉破、拉裂。

①当用特制电烙铁或热风枪将ECB焊在塑料园垫片上时,位置要对准,不得用力过大和时间过长,以免破坏防水层;焊接应牢固可靠,避免防水板脱落。

②防水板之间接缝采用双焊缝进行热熔焊接,搭接宽度为10cm。焊接完毕后采用检漏器进行充气检测,充气压力为0.25MPa,保持该压力不少于5min,允许压力下降20%。如压力持续下降,应查出漏气部位并对漏气部位进行全面的手工补焊。

③在卷材间用热熔焊机自动焊接时,要随时注意将接缝处的一侧卷材定位,以免错位后造成防水层被拉过紧,出现防水层鼓胀造成不平整,或形成单焊缝。

在施工过程中,尽量避免手工焊接,在部分接缝无条件用热熔焊机焊接时再采用手工焊接,手工焊道上应在补加一道宽度不小于7cm的加强层。

④所有防水板甩茬预留长度均应超过预留搭接钢筋顶端不小于40cm,以便下一次防水板铺设搭接。 2.1.4施工注意事项

①施工过程中不得穿带钉子的鞋在防水板上走动。

②钢筋绑扎过程中防止钢筋端头刺破防水层,钢筋焊接时应在防水板与钢筋之间用石棉布进行隔离,防止焊接烧伤防水板。

③混凝土浇注时严禁振捣棒接触防水板。

④施工过程必须加强对防水板的检查,发现破损要做好标记,及时进行修补。 2.2衬砌结构自防水

呼家楼车站二次衬砌采用C30、P10防水混凝土施工,迎水面钢筋保护层厚度不小于50mm。在浇注过程中严格施工,鉴于结构拱顶不易浇注密实,每隔4m～5m埋设一道二衬背后注浆管,对二衬背后与防水板之间进行注浆填充。

2.3施工缝、变形缝、穿墙管防水 2.3.1施工缝

根据车站混凝土浇注顺序,施工缝有环向和纵向两种。在施工过程中采取嵌缝胶和预埋注浆管的方法进行防水。

①遇水膨胀嵌缝胶应具有缓胀性能,属不定型产品,挤出后固化成型,成型后的宽度为15mm～20mm,高度为8mm~10mm,采用专用注胶器均匀挤出粘结在施工缝表面,粘贴部位为结构中线两侧各10cm位置。

②粘贴嵌缝胶的施工缝表面需要先凿毛,将疏松、起皮、浮灰等凿除并清理干净,使施工缝表面坚实、基本平整、干燥、无污物。

③嵌缝胶粘贴完毕后,应避免施工过程中遇水,否则提前膨胀后会导致嵌缝胶的止水能力下降。

④注浆管每隔4m～5m间距引出一根注浆导管,利用注浆导管进行注浆,使浆液从注浆管孔隙内均匀渗出,填充两道嵌缝胶范围内的空隙,达到止水的目的。注浆导管的开孔部位应做好临时封堵,避免浇筑混凝土时杂物进入堵塞导管。 ⑤注浆导管应在结构内的钢筋内穿行一段距离后再引出结构表面,引出位置应距施工缝不小于20cm间距。不必将直接穿过背水面嵌缝胶直接引出。以免影响嵌缝胶的防水密封效果。 2.3.2变形缝

呼家楼车站变形缝的处理方法如下:结构变形缝采用30cm～35cm宽中埋式注浆PVC止水带、30cm～35cm宽的背贴式止水带进行防水处理,同时在顶拱、侧墙结构内表面预留凹槽,设置镀锌钢板接水盒。

底板和侧墙变形缝两侧的结构厚度不同时,此时需要将变形缝两侧的结构做等厚度处理,在距变形缝不小于30cm以外的部位再进行变断面的处理,这样不但利于柔性防水层的铺设质量,而且可设置背贴式止水带,确保了变形缝部位的防水效果。

(1)中埋式注浆止水带施工要求。①中埋式注浆止水带可采用合成树脂类PVC止水带,止水带的宽度为30cm～35cm。②注浆止水带采用热熔对接法连接,同时应保证对接部位注浆管的畅通。对接部位的抗拉强度应不小于母材强度的80%,要求对接部位接缝严密、不透水。③注浆止水带的注浆导管引出间距6m～8m,引出位置以便于后期注浆操作为主。注浆导管应进行临时封堵,避免后期施工过程中异物进入堵塞注浆管。④注浆导管宜在结构内穿行一段距离后再引出,即注浆导管引出位置应距变形缝30cm～40cm。

(2)背贴式止水带施工要求。

①背贴式止水带采用宽度为30cm～35cm宽的塑料止水带。

②塑料止水带采用热熔对接焊接接头,接头部位的拉伸强度不小于母材强度的80%。

③为保证背贴式止水带与混凝土咬合密实,在止水带两侧齿条之间设置注浆花管。 3 结束语

(1)通过车站防水施工证明,北京地铁呼家楼车站采用的复合式衬砌防水技术能够满足车站一级防水的要求,400g/m2土工布缓冲层和2mm厚ECB塑料防水板材料性能良好,形成了全封闭防水系统。

(2)通过充气试验,ECB防水板使用热合机焊接焊缝严密牢固,气密性好,工艺先进、成熟。

北京英文介绍范文第6篇

教学目标：

(1)能够在恰当的情景条件下听懂、看图识别、说出3个景点的英文表达：Tiananmen Square, the Great Wall, the Summer Palace。 (2)能够任意使用句型This is . It’s great/ big/ beautiful/ . There are . ，简单介绍自己最喜欢的一个景点。在新的情境中使用Where are you going? I’m going to .By bus? Yes./ No, by car.表达自己想去的景点及使用的交通工具。 (3)在情境中感受北京的美丽及文化。 教学重、难点：

1、教学重点：

(1) (2) 学习3个景点的名称

在语境中介绍景点，表达自己想去的地方

2、教学难点：

(1) (2)

教学过程：

Step 1 热身复习，导入课题. 1. 歌谣热身，复习词汇。通过park单元歌谣，复习公园景物。请几名学生到前面带大家一起做动作唱歌谣。

It is a sunny day. Do you want to go to the parks with me? Let’s go and say a chant together. Who wants to come here and show? 2. 谈论公园，简单介绍。通过谈论公园，再次复习公园景物及句型I see . 强调复数问题。

Look, here we are in the park.

What park is it? (This is Yuyuantan Park.) 教师指PPT, 示范介绍(逐图呈现)：I see trees in the park. I see flowers in the park. What do you see? 感受各个景点的美丽及北京文化。 在新的情境中，巩固提高语言运用能力。 课件呈现多幅图片，学生尝试介绍。 教师及时使用It’s beautiful. A beautiful place. 进行评价，同时为后面学习做输入。 3. 介绍喜欢的公园。

Do you like here? OK, follow me: I like Yuyunatan Park. It’s beautiful. 板书句型。

I like Yuyuantan Park. It’s big. It’s beautiful. What parks do you like? 4. 呈现主题图，引出课题。

You know many parks. They are all beautiful. I have a picture. (出示主题图)Look, what places are these?带领学生辨认教材中的主题图。These places are beautiful. They are in Beijing. 指主线人物提问：Who are they?

They are going to these beautiful places in Beijing. Today, let’s go to these places in Beijing. 板书课题。 Step 2 视频呈现，感受新知。. Beijing is big. Beijing is beautiful. It’s great. I have a video for you. There are some nice places. Let’s enjoy it.播放视频。

1. Watch.播放后提问: How many places? 第一次看完后，带学生数一数。 2. Listen and say. T: This time, let’s listen and say the names.提示学生跟读景点名称。 Step3 学习新知。

1. 听音模仿，自我学习。

Do you like the places? Well, let’s listen and repeat their names. PPT呈现景点不同景色图片，学生再次感受景点魅力，并听录音模仿。

2. 卡片检测，及时纠音。出示单词卡，学生凭记忆读出景点名称。遇到困难和发音不准确时，教师及时纠正发音。

Do you like these places? I have the pictures of them. Look, what place is it? 3. 卡片游戏，巩固新知。

We know all the names. You are great. So, I have a game for you. (1). I have the cards. Show me your cards please. (2). Put them on the desk. One by one. 示范，将词卡摆在桌子上。 (3). Show me Beijing Zoo. 检查后，T: Please say:” This is Beijing Zoo.”带学生做2-3组。

(4). 与一个学生示范，两人轮流发令做Show me游戏。Pair work. (5). Show. 请学生到前面发指令，全班同学一起做。 (6) 收卡片。 Step 4 介绍景点

呈现主题图，回顾景点。These places are beautiful. Binbin, Andy and lily are going to these places. 1. 教师示范。

(1) 出示颐和园图片。

What place is it? What are there in the Summer Palace?

课件逐幅呈现颐和园照片，教师介绍There are trees/ flowers/ boats in the Summer Palace.引导学生使用there are .并注意纠正复数。 (2) 引导学生介绍。

课件呈现颐和园各处景物照片。老师带领学生介绍，板书：There are . (3) Pair work. 使用A beautiful place (to know). 评价。 2. 扩展介绍Beihai Park.

带学生一起，尝试介绍Beihai Park。 3. 学生自由介绍。 (1) 猜谜呈现动物园。

I know a place. There are monkeys. There are pandas. What place is it? (Beijing Zoo) (2)学生介绍。

Look, what are there in the zoo? There are in Beijing Zoo. (3) Pair work. Share with friends. Step 5 Chant and traveling. 1. 歌谣呈现。

These places are beautiful. Do you want to go? Well, I have a chant about these places. Let’s enjoy it. 播放课件，呈现歌谣。 2. 教师教授。

教师提问： Where are you going? 生回答：I’m going to . T: OK, let’s go together. 带学生边走边说歌谣，走到教室布置的展板中。在真实情境中学习歌谣。重点教授最后一句。 3. 跟录音唱歌谣。 4. 模拟郊游。

(1) T：I’m going to by car. Where are you going? 学生表达自己最想去的景点。 (2) Pair work. (3) 展示时，与一个学生示范，共同游览景点。

T: Where are you going?

S: I’m going to .

T: By bus?

S: Yes./ No.

T: Let’s go. (Chant)

带学生到展板前，尝试表达自己对景点的感受。

T：I like Beijing Zoo. It’s beautiful. Do you like it? Let’s take a picture. Step 6 Summary. 1. Today we have been to many beautiful places in Beijing. What are they? (指展板，带学生复习。)

2. Beijing is so big and very beautiful. There are more beautiful places. Let’s enjoy. 看PPT, 欣赏其他北京景点。 Next class, let’s go on talking about Beijing. Homework. 听录音，唱歌谣。 板书：

Unit 6 Beijing I like ________. It’s beautiful / big. There are .