Unit4 全新版大学进阶第二册英语教案（精选5篇）
Unit4 全新版大学进阶第二册英语教案 第1篇
Text A, A Life Full of Riches Unit 2, Book 2
XuWen & LiHui Teaching Objectives: 1.grasp the main idea and structure of the text;2.appreciate the wording(“riches”)in the title of the text;3.grasp the key language points in Text A and learn how to use them in context;4.understand the cultural background related to the content.Teaching Procedures I.Pre-reading Tasks 1.Lead-in:
1)Proverb dictation and dictation: 1.That man is richest whose pleasures are cheapest.2.The value of a man resides in what he gives and not in what he is capable of receiving.P40 2)Have Ss interpret the title of Text A “A Life Full of Riches” and find the meaning of “riches”.Based on the proverbs, students are supposed to discuss the following question: Do you think a poor person can have a life full of riches? How?
2.Cultural Notes: 1)Salvation Army
2)The Red Kettle Christmas Campaign
3)1040 Forms II.In-class Reading 1.General Understanding of Text A
1)Play the listening recording of text A and ask Ss to scan the first sentence of each paragraph to see where there is a change in tense.(past tense in Paras.1-2, 8-9;present tense in the rest)(10’)
2)Draw Ss’ attention to the beginning of the text(starting an essay with an anecdote)see “writing strategy” on P56 3)Comprehension questions on P37 2.Group work: Ss are divided into 2 groups, one searching for the evidence showing that the author is not “rich” and the other searching for the evidence showing that the author is “rich”.3.Text Organization Part one 1-2：An encounter
Part two 3-12: An answer
Part three 13: Understanding Main idea: One can live a life full of riches without being rich financially.4.Language study: set sb.doing sth.;despite;nonetheless, be confronted with;donation;neatly dressed, stammer;wear and tear;modest;meet needs, cherish;fabricate;tickles;insights;vital;well off;feel out of place;abrupt;jolting;in contrast to;stuff;consequence;feel natural to sb.;affluent;genuine;sense of belonging;rough;feel connected to;lingering;tangible;intangible 5.Difficult sentences:
Para 1: It was early December 2003, my first season as a Salvation Army bell ringer, when I was confronted with the question.1.What does a Salvation Army bell ringer do? To ring the bell and ask people to donate money to help the poor.2.Translate this sentence into Chinese.首次面对这个问题，是在2003年12月初我第一次为救世军摇铃募捐的时候。
Para 1: I can still see the confusion and curiosity in his eyes as he asked, “Are you poor?” 1.Why did the boy ask such a question?
——Because he was confused and curious.2.How much did the boy know about the Salvation Army bell ringer?
——Obviously he knew nothing about that.Para 2: “Well,” I stammered, trying to think, “I have more than some people, but not as much as other.” 1.How did the author think of the question?
——He thought it was difficult to answer.2.What does the author’s answer mean?
——This means he is neither poor nor rich.Para 2: His mother scolded him for the social no-no...1.What is “social no-no”?
——Something that is socially inappropriate.2.Why did the mother scold her son? Because the author looked poor, the question was socially inappropriate to ask.Para 4: Yet I feel nothing more than a passing whim to attain the material things so many other people have.1.What do many other people have?
——The material things.2.Please paraphrase this sentence.However, I have only occasionally felt the urge to go after the material things so many other people have.Para 5: And I love the “can do” attitude that follows.1.What is the “can do” attitude?
——That is self confidence.2.How do you understand this sentence?
——And I love the feeling of self confidence brought by brisk exercises.Para 8:
Shortly after her visit, our relationship went straight south.1.What was their relationship after her visit? Their relationship went sour.That is to say, they were no longer boyfriend and girlfriend.2.Why there was such a change in their relationship? Because the girl actually paid much attention to material things although she claimed that she was interested in what was on the inside, and after she went to the author’s apartment, she found he was really poor.Para 10: There is a commercial on the radio that begins, “Everybody wants a high-end TV …” The pressure to purchase is real.It may be true that everybody wants a high-end TV.After all, nobody wants to be a nobody.1.What is “a high-end TV”?
——A TV that is expensive and of high quality.2.What can be inferred from this part about what role commercials can play in society? Commercials can put people under pressure to purchase more than is really necessary.Para 9:
December is the time of year I feel wealthiest.Why does the author think so? Because December is the time for him to work for the Salvation Army as a bell ringer, which gives him a genuine sense of belonging and brings him happiness in helping others.Para 12: Over the past four years, I’ve grown to understand more about myself because of a single question from a curious child.1.How has the boy’s question affected the author? The boy’s question has helped him realize that, despite his lack of expensive possessions, he is rich in many other ways and should be thankful for that.)2.Translate this sentence into Chinese.由于一个好奇的孩子提了一个简单问题，我在过去的四年中对自己的了解进了一步。III: After-reading tasks 1.Do the exercise 2.Essay writing 2
Unit4 全新版大学进阶第二册英语教案 第2篇
1.“Father knows better.” or “Father, you know better than
that.” literally means Father was wise enough not to do something.Actually it does not have this meaning.It means Father was not wise when he meddled with his children’s affairs.This sentence occurs six times in the text.The children said it satirically to show their disapproval of Father’s meddling with their affairs.2.location: n.a place or position This is a suitable location for a camp.目击者向警察指出事故发生的确切地点。Witnesses showed the police the exact location of the accident.3.know better: behave in a more sensible and acceptable way 4.He is old enough to know better.5.他很明事理，不至于以貌取人。He knows better than to judge by appearances.Pattern: know better than sb.know better than to do sth.7.embarrass: vt.make(sb.)feel awkward or ashamed 8.It embarrassed him that he had to give a talk in front of a lot of people.9.I don’t like making speeches in public.It’s so embarrassing.10.I was really embarrassed when I couldn’t answer the teacher’s question.11.dumb: adj.1)foolish eg.He was so dumb that he left his keys at home again.2)unable to speak eg.The terrible news struck us all dumb.他生来不能说话，但是他设法找到一个好工作。He was born dumb, but he has still managed to get a good job.14.in unison: acting in the same way at the same time eg.国际社会准备一致反对恐怖主义。The international community is ready to work in unison against terrorism.16.consist of: be made up of eg.The city of New York consists of five boroughs.18.cf.consist in 等于；在于
19.consist, compose, comprise & constitute 这几个词都是动词，都有“组成”的意思。
consist 是个不及物动词，与介词of一起连用，不可用于被动语态。consist的主语表示事物的整体，of后的宾语表示事物的组成部分。例如：Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.水由氢和氧组成。North America consists of the United States, Canada, and Mexico.compose 的主语表示事物的组成部分，宾语表示事物的整体。但在被动语态中正好相反。例如：The United States, Canada, and Mexico compose North America.Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.comprise 用作及物动词,有两种用法:传统规则认为其主语应当为事物的整体,宾语应当为事物的组成部分,词义为“由„„组成,由„„构成”;另一种趋势是用comprise表达“组成,构成”的意思,此时其主语为事物的组成部分,宾语为事物的整体。
eg.North America comprises the United States, Canada, and Mexico.constitute的主语表示事物的组成部分，宾语表示事物的整体。例如：The United States, Canada, and Mexico constitute North America.Seven days constitute a week.七天为一周。
20.a man-to-man talk: A talk that takes place between two men, especially two men who need to discuss a serious personal matter.开诚布公地谈一谈
21.meddle with his children’s affairs 22.interfere with their affairs 23.fade: vi.1)lose color or brightness eg.The wallpaper has faded.2)disappear slowly
eg.随着天气越来越冷，她早锻炼的热情逐渐消失了。Her enthusiasm for early-morning exercises faded as the weather was getting colder and colder.24.fade away 逐渐消失
25.fade out 逐渐消失；淡出
26.overall: 1)adv.in general eg.Overall, I like her, despite her faults.2)adj.total(only before noun)
eg.The overall length of the fish is 3 feet 5 inches.28.trade for: exchange(sth.)for(sth.else)29.农民用农产品换工具和钱.The farmers traded farm produce for tools and money.30.keep in suspense: delay telling(sb.)what they are eager to know 31.eg.We’ve been kept in suspense waiting for the examination results.32.观众的悬念一直持续到剧终。The audience is kept in suspense to the very end of the play.33.break the suspense 消除悬念
34.hold sb.in suspense 使某人处于悬念之中 35.be in suspense over 对„„悬疑不安
36.interrupt: v.stop(sb.)from continuing what they are saying or doing eg.My daughter kept interrupting me when I spoke.38.bet: 1)vi.be sure 39.I bet it will snow tomorrow.40.I bet she was late for the meeting on purpose.41.2).v.risk(money)on the result of a future event 42.I bet you $5 that they will win the next election.43.I bet on the wrong horse.It lost the race.44.distract: vt.take(sb.’s attention)away from sth.esp.for a short time 45.Don’t distract me from working.46.She was distracted by the noise outside.47.玩电脑游戏有时让他写作业分心。Playing computer games sometimes distracts him from his homework.48.Pattern: distract sb./sth./ distract sb./sth.from 49.glorious: adj.wonderful 50.It seems a pity to be indoors on such a glorious day.51.hand down: give or leave to people who are younger or come later 52.她有一些珠宝，是从她祖母那儿传下来的。She had some jewelry, which had been handed down from her grandmother.53.hand in 上交；交给
54.hand on 传递；依次传下去 55.hand out 分给；分发 56.hand over 交出；移交
57.community: n.the people living in one place, district, or country, considered as a whole 58.The job of a policeman is to serve the community.59.College students have learned a lot in community service.60.narrow down: make(a list of things)smaller 一百多位申请者将会被减少成仅仅五位候选人。Over a hundred applicants will be narrowed down to a short list of five candidates.62.at any rate: whatever may happen;in any case 63.At any rate, you survived the car accident.64.birth rate 出生率 65.first-rate 一流的
66.at this / that rate 这样/那样的话；照这样/那样的情形 67.rate of exchange 汇率
68.speed, rate & pace 这几个词都是名词，都有“速度”的意思。
speed一般指单位时间内所运动的距离。例如：He drove at a speed of 70 miles per hour.We can’t go any faster.We’re already at top speed.我们不能再快了。我们已经全速前进了。
rate指比率、率，如速度、出生率、入学率等。指速度时可与speed换用。例如：She can read at the rate of 100 words a minute.He must pay at the rate of 10 percent.他必须按照百分之十的比率付款。
pace主要指行走、跑步等的步速，也可指生活、生长、进展等方面的速度、进度等。例如：If you advance one pace, I will shoot you.你再向前走一步，我就开枪了。
The work progressed at a slow pace.工作进展很慢。
75.It is more likely to get this over with.还不如说，是把这份罪受完算了。76.exhaust: vt.1)make(sb.)very tired, either physically or mentally
e.g.What an exhausting day!77.Four hours’ work almost exhausted her.78.2)use up completely eg.They have exhausted the supply of oxygen.79.What will we do if we exhaust our reserves of oil? 80.tired, exhausted & worn out 这几个词都是形容词，都有“累、疲惫”的意思。
81.tired为常见词，但本身没有指明精力的削减程度。例如：He became tired from hours’ reading.82.exhausted 指体力、精力的完全损耗，难以恢复或需要较长时间才可恢复。例如：He returned at last, too exhausted to eat anything.83.worn out 指过度使用而失去价值或功效。例如：He divorced his wife because he was worn out from listening to her constant complaints.他因为听烦了妻子没完没了的抱怨而和她离了婚。84.repeatedly: adv.again and again 我们反复要求员工不允许在办公室吸烟。We have repeatedly requested that staff should not be allowed to smoke in the office.86.swallow: v.cause or allow(esp.food or drink)to go down the throat;hide or suppress a feeling 87.eg.Chew your food properly before swallowing it.88.frank: adj.showing one’s thoughts and feelings openly
89.If you want my frank opinion, I don’t think the plan will succeed.90.It is clear that my students have been frank with me.Pattern:
be frank with sb.be frank about sth.93.And it’s not just one of us who’ve felt the heavy hand of interference.Oh, no, all three of us live in constant dread knowing that at any time disaster can strike不止我一个人深受他横加干预之苦。哦，绝非我一个人。我们兄妹三个整天提心吊胆，知道倒霉的事随时可能来临
94.interference: n.unwanted or unnecessary involvement in sth.95.I wanted to do the thing on my own without outside interference.96.你干涉他的私人事务是没道理的。Your interference in his private affairs is unreasonable.Pattern:
interference in sth.interference with sb 99.constant: adj.1)without stopping 100.He was in constant pain.I have had a constant headache for three days.102.2)unchanging 产品的价格不是固定的，而是随供求的变化而变化。
The price of the product is not constant but varies with supply and demand.105.in charge of: having control(over)or responsibility(for)106.I am in charge of the department.107.He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away.108.take charge of 负责
109.in one’s charge 由某人照管 110.on a charge of 以„„罪名
111.bring a charge against sb.指控某人 112.face a charge 面临控告 113.exceptional: adj.unusual 114.All her children are intelligent, but the youngest boy is really exceptional.115.He was an exceptional man with great business talents.116.fill out: complete(a document or form)by supplying required information 117.Please fill out the application form and signed it at the bottom.118.fill in 填入；填上 119.fill in for sb.临时代替 120.fill up 填满；装满 121.fill with 用„„填满
122.proof: n.evidence or facts that are sufficient to establish a thing as true or believable 123.美国研究人员发现证据证明，不吸烟的人与吸烟的人一起工作也能得癌症。Researchers in America have found proof that non-smokers can develop cancer by working with smokers.124.junior: adj.1)younger 125.Jane is several years junior to her husband.126.Do you want John Brown Senior or John Brown Junior, the father or the son? 127.Abbrs.: Jr.or jr., used after the name of a person who has the same name as his father, e.g.Tom Brown, Jr.128.2)lower in rank than others 129.He is a junior officer.130.他被提升为高级职员之前，做了三年低级职员。He had been a junior clerk for three years before he was promoted to senior clerk.131.be drenched to the bone 132.The wheel is still in spin.133.heed the call 听从召唤 134.The battle is raging.135.shake the windows and rattle the walls 136.beyond your command 137.draw a line 138.cast a curse 139.in one’s early twenties
140.many a young man= many young people 141.blame sb for all the ills of the world 142.welcome sth ←→ resist sth 143.Change is coming whether we like it or not, coming like a flood that no one can escape.144.comment on the news 145.predict what will happen next 146.The wheel of fortune is still spinning and those at the bottom of society may find themselves later rising up.147.protest songs 148.be aimed against injustice 149.warn sb not to stand in the way of sb 150.step aside 151.sit up
cf.stay up 152.take notice of 153.center around: be mainly about 154.somehow or other 155.end up doing 156.for the sake of: for the purpose of 157.carry things to extremes 作了极度夸张 158.As the lights come up,… 159.Down Right 舞台右前方
160.address the audience: speak to the audience 161.waiting tables: working as a waiter 162.figure: count 163.pull dumb things on sb: play stupid tricks on sb 164.in unison:
cf.in chorus 165.a couple of: several 166.squat behind sw 167.no problem: out of question
cf.out of the question: impossible 168.spread one’s hands, palms up, speaking to oneself
169.What did I do to deserve this? 我干了什么要受这份罪？ 170.a typical teenager 171.lose interest in 172.assure sb that… 173.address a subject 174.help sb through life’s dangerous sea帮助他驶过人生的惊涛骇浪 175.(metaphor)compare life to an arduous sea voyage 176.I can’t imagine why.我真弄不明白。177.have a nice chat 178.(lights)fade to black 179.(lights)come up 180.a second or two later 181.once in a while: on occasion;occasionally 182.give sth more thought(before doing sth)183.sb be seated around the dining table 184.set a dish on the table 185.pull out one’s chair 186.have a surprise for sb 187.keep /leave sb in suspense 188.stage whisper to sb 189.simultaneously: at the same time;meanwhile 190.ask sb to the senior prom 191.clench one’s teeth
cf.clenched teeth 192.in a monotone 193.be evenly spaced 194.Well then.那就算了。195.become hysterical 196.not yet: so far not 197.give sb the respect(he/she deserves)198.roll one’s eyes 199.It’s my treat.200.be short with sb: speak briefly and rather rudely to sb because of impatience or anger 201.Do get on with it.快说吧。
202.glorious dessert: wonderful/delicious dessert 203.hand down an old recipe to me 204.at any rate: in any case 205.have a lot of the same interests: have a lot in common 206.community: the people living in one place as a whole 207.global peace 208.human welfare: happiness/good health/prosperity 209.breath hard: 喘着粗气
210.nod one’s head up and down 211.repeatedly: again and again 212.I owe you one.我记着你的情。cf.IOU 白条子 213.tell sb of sth: tell sb sth 214.What has come over you? 你怎么啦？
215.It’s more likely to get this over with.还不如说是快把这份罪受完算了。216.little scheme 小计策 217.swallow hard尽力忍住
218.She had to swallow hard in her position as a housemaid.219.swallow: 1.allow(sth)to go down the throat 2.hide or suppress a feeling 220.jut out one’s chin at sb 冲着sb撅起下巴 221.jerk one’s head around to face sb 扭头面对sb 222.Being the sort of man he is,„以他的为人。。223.frank: showing one’s feelings openly 224.be frank with sb/about sth 225.To be frank with you, I think you’re making a mistake.226.be humiliated 227.an honor student 228.a class president: monitor 229.He is a dear.他挺可爱的
230.an executive-type desk and chair 办公桌椅 231.admit new students to sw 232.be more than willing to do: be very willing to do 233.exceptional: unusual 出类拔萃的 234.fill out =fill in 235.I don’t know where she got her brains: I don’t know why she is so bright 236.lose one’s patience: become impatient
237.have proof of sth: have evidence of 证据、证明(u.n.)238.carry on with his line of thought 沿着自己的思路讲下去 239.talented: gifted 240.twist one’s hands 搓拧着手
241.place/finish/come first in the annual spelling bee/contest 242.be eager for knowledge 243.be that as it may: 不过。。244.dining room
cf.canteen 245.capital tragedy 主要的悲剧
246.a blunder n.大错, 失误
cf.glaring errors大错误；明显的错误 247.be dumb with astonishment at their beauty 248.establish welfare systems to provide a safety net 249.through the ages 经过漫长的岁月 250.face extinction 251.his junior year in high school 252.beat about/around the bush 253.honk one’s horns
254.Security Council联合国安全理事会 255.The hotel overlooks the lake.256.tire sb out: make sb exhausted 257.sth be worth a fortune 258.look out for talented college graduates 259.be adequate/anxious/certain/sure/content/crazy/likely/liable/fortunate/lucky/keen/eager to do sth 260.be admitted to sw 被允许进入；被录取 261.Whatever does that mean? 262.Whatever it is that you like,… 263.be worried to death 264.be scared to death 265.along with=together with=coupled with 266.a simple matter 267.pose for the picture 268.(hair)be dyed bright red 269.consider one’s feeling upon seeing sth 270.develop the pictures 冲洗照片 271.smooth out sth 消除, 使平滑 272.smooth down
消除, 变平静 273.respectably : decently
adv.体面地
275.from one’s point of view: from one’s viewpoint: form one’s perspective 276.This does not always come easy.277.prizefighter n.职业拳击手 278.be knocked out 279.the heavyweight champion of the world 280.in the face of 281.to the contrary 282.hold the crown 拥有荣耀 283.the ring 职业拳击界 284.step for step: step by step 285.be conscious of sth: be aware of 286.ball park: 棒球场 287.gravely郑重其事地 288.go to the bathroom 289.be overwhelmed by 惊喜万分
290.fire strike after strike 投出一个又一个好球 291.hit a home run击出一个本垒打 292.direct ancestors of ：
。。的前身 293.走到阳光下emerge into the sun 294.on the right-field side of the park 在右外场侧面 295.batting practice击球练习296.a carrot stick胡萝卜条 297.polish off sth一扫而光
298.in a rotten mood情绪糟透了 299.take the field 上场（击球）300.不很情愿地without much grace 301.the troubled look on his face不安的神情 302.shake my mood摆脱心境
303.on Storrow Drive: on Storrow Street 304.have sth/sw to oneself 305.exhibition hall 306.acknowledge to myself that…
307.don’t measure up to my expectations辜负了我的期望
308.be out of line(with sth)1.(与„)没有并列的2.不一致、不协调地309.a battle of wills 两种意志的对峙 310.stand up for
v.支持 311.life-sized 312.space capsule n.太空舱, 太空船 313.hold out for 坚持不放弃 314.let go of放弃 315.in a couple years
Unit4 全新版大学进阶第二册英语教案 第3篇
由教育部于2007年7月颁布的《大学英语课程教学要求》明确指出, “大学英语是以外语教学理论为指导, 以英语语言知识与应用技能、跨文化交际和学习策略为主要内容, 并集多种教学模式和教学手段为一体的教学体系。”2013年2月上海市教委发布了《上海市大学英语教学参考框架》 (试行) , 指出大学英语教学是培养学生的“人文素质修养, 提升他们跨文化交流、沟通和合作, 以及参与国际竞争的能力。”2013年8月全国大学英语四六级考试委员会决定从2013年12月份的考试起, 四、六级考试的试卷结构和测试题型将进行局部调整。在翻译部分, 原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英, 其内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。
从上可知, 在大学英语教学中开展文化教学的必要性和重要性。大学英语教师作为跨文化大学英语教学的直接实施者必须重视培养大学英语学习者的跨文化意识, 努力提高他们的跨文化交际能力。但是目前学界对大学英语教学中跨文化交际能力培养的探讨中“抽象研究和纯理论研究多, 实证性研究和具体性研究少”。 (孔德亮, 栾述文2012) 为了切实有效地提高大学英语学习者的跨文化交际能力, 实行语言和文化并举的教学策略。本文拟从大学英语跨文化教学的现状出发, 基于对国内主流大学英语教材《全新版大学英语》 (第二版) 《综合教程》 (以下简称《综合教程》) 跨文化教学视角的考查, 以具体教学内容为例提出跨文化大学英语教学的实施方法。
二、跨文化交际与大学英语教学
(一) 跨文化交际概述
跨文化交际是指来自不同文化背景的个人之间的交际。它作为一门交叉学科产生于上世纪六十年代的美国。跨文化交际研究的基本内容有: (1) 世界观和价值观研究 (2) 言语行为中的文化特征研究 (3) 非言语交际研究。 (陈俊森等2000:5-8, Samovar等, 2000:51) 跨文化交际并不是指要求人们放弃本民族的文化而一味地按照异文化的规约进行交际。事实上, 跨文化交际要求人们“具有较好的本民族和异文化的背景知识, 具有双重文化或多重文化的理解能力。” (陈俊森等2000:234)
(二) 跨文化大学英语教学
交际以语言为基础, 而语言又是文化的重要载体, 交际、语言和文化三者相辅相成。因此, 在大学英语教学中, 我们不能只强调语音、语法、词汇等语言要素而忽视语言的交际性和文化属性。大学英语教学应该是跨文化外语教学, 是“以文化内容为基础, 文化主题为主线, 语言内容为暗线, 文化学习过程为依据, 语言学习和文化学习互为目的和手段”的外语教学。 (张红玲2007:210) 因此, 大学英语教学应该以提高学生的跨文化交际能力为最终目标。
学界对跨文化大学英语教学有了广泛的认同, 认为要通过增强教师的跨文化意识, 创设真实的跨文化氛围, 开设跨文化类英语选修课, 充分利用网络资源等途径来提高学生的跨文化交际能力。但是目前的研究成果理论化太强, 应用性不够。为了切实有效地提高大学英语学习者的跨文化交际能力, 下面我们从《综合教程》入手, 以跨文化交际视角分析该教材并在此基础上提出跨文化大学英语教学的实施方法。
三、跨文化交际视角下的《综合教程》
《综合教程》是普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材和教育部推荐使用大学外语类教材。它“充分考虑对学生的文化素质培养和国际化知识的传授”, 在指导学生深入学习课文的基础上, “从词、句、语篇等角度进行听、说、读、写、译多方面的语言操练, 着重培养学生的英语语言能力和综合应用能力。”该教程共有四册64篇课文, 以折中主义的教学法为指导, 采用“基于主题的从输入 (听/读) 到输出 (说/写) 综合训练的教学路子。” (李荫华2010) 该教程为跨文化大学英语教学提供了丰富的语言文化素材, 能从多方面增强学生的跨文化意识, 提高学生的跨文化交际能力。下面我们以跨文化交际研究的基本内容为框架, 分析《综合教程》中的跨文化交际知识。
(一) 世界观和价值观
在跨文化交际研究中, 世界观是指“一种文化对上帝、人性、自然、存在问题、宇宙、生命、失望、疾病以及其他影响人们怎样感知世界的哲学问题的价值取向”。 (Samovar等, 2000:89) 《综合教程》64篇课文几乎涵盖了西方文化世界观中的重大哲学问题。比如, 第一册第二单元课文A (All the Cabbie Had Was a Letter) 的主题友谊、第四册第一单元课文A (The Icy Defender) 有关自然的强大力量、第一册第八单元对教育问题的探讨、第二册第五单元对生命的讴歌、第三册第六单元课文A (The Last Leaf) 描述的疾病给人带来的失望等分别对人性、自然、存在问题、生命、失望和疾病等哲学问题进行了一定的阐释。
所谓价值观, 就是人们判断事物好坏和衡量是非的标准, 是一种文化或某个社会的根基。价值观是一个抽象的概念, 由行为模式来体现。《综合教程》收入了大量能反映西方文化主流价值观的语言材料。第二册第二单元就是以价值观为主题专门探讨了美国人的财富观。第二册第三单元则讨论了以代沟为代表的家庭观念。第一册第四单元 (美国梦) 、第二册第一单元 (学习方式) 、第二册第六单元 (男女平等) 、第三册第一单元 (生活方式) 和第三册第二单元 (民权思想) 都从不同角度勾勒出了西方文化 (尤其是美国文化) 的主流价值观面貌。
(二) 言语行为中的文化特征
在言语行为上表现出的文化特征是跨文化交际所面临的最困难、最持久的问题之一。不同文化之间的差异反映到语言上就是语言差异。在语言三大要素 (语音、语法和词汇) 中, 词汇最能反映文化差异。在跨文化大学英语词汇教学中要让学生充分学习英语词汇的文化蕴涵, 充分理解英汉词语文化差异, 以提高其跨文化沟通的能力。
《综合教程》四册教材的课文大多选自美国出版物, 语言风格主要属于美国英语。但是, 在生词表中该教材标注出了美国英语和英国英语在发音和拼写上的差异。在语言与文化的关系方面, 第二册第二单元Text A (The Glorious Messiness of English) 回顾了英语的历史, 指出英语对其他文化的“兼容并包”性植根于西方自由的思想。对于课文中出现的文化词汇, 教程在注释部分都给出了较为详细的解释。为了克服英汉语言差异给英语学习带来的困难, 每课课文后面都附有近义词辨析方面的讲解和练习。大学英语教师可以“运用英语词汇学研究中的词义组成、语义场和英语词汇变体等理论来指导教学, 注重词汇文化内涵的讲解, 以提高学生的英语运用能力和达到增强学生跨文化交际能力的目的。” (凌乐祥2013) 比如, 在讲解statesman一词时, 教师可以把它与politician进行内涵意义对比, 指出statesman表“忠诚的”内涵意义和politician表“欺诈”的内涵意义, 进而用汉语的“政治家”和“政客”来比较学习两个英文单词截然不同的文化内涵意义。
(三) 非言语交际
非言语交际不仅仅是体态语, 而是肢体语言、身体特征、服饰、物品摆设、时间和空间观念等等因素的总称。第四册第五单元课文A (A Friend in Need) 和课文B (Nameless Faces) 都是以不要“以貌取人”为主题。在时间观念上, 第四册第六单元两篇课文指出了现代西方社会生活节奏日益加快, 人们觉得时间不够用和喜欢忙得团团转的症结所在。
四、跨文化大学英语教学实施方法
下面我们将以《全新版大学英语》 (第二版) 综合教程为例, 结合跨文化交际研究的基本内容来阐释跨文化大学英语教学实施的具体方法。
(一) 比较中西方的文化价值观
跨文化大学英语教学不能只是介绍和讲解西方文化, 还应有意识地引导学生进行中西文化比较, 这才能体现出跨文化交际的真正内涵。在《综合教程》第二册第八单元 (Protecting Our Environment) 和第四册第一单元 (Fighting with the Forces of Nature) 的课文主题导入或总结时可以引入在人与自然的关系上中西文化之间截然不同的看法。西方文化认为人是自然的主宰, 自然是人征服的对象, 人可以依靠科学技术不断地改造自然。中国文化却认为人与自然是和谐的关系, 人不是去尽力改造自然, 而是适应自然并利用自然为人类服务。 (陈俊森等2000:9) 相信, 通过文化价值观的比较, 学生更能理解两篇课文的主题思想。
(二) 讲解英语词汇的关联意义
根据国内外语言学家对词义的划分, 词汇意义可分为概念意义和关联意义。概念意义指词在词典中的释义, 这也是《综合教程》里对英语词汇的双语释义。词的关联意义则包括词的内涵意义、文体意义、情感意义和搭配意义。大学英语教师不能过分强调英语词汇的概念意义 (词典释义) , 因为这会让学生觉得所学英语词汇是一组僵化的符号, 无法运用于跨文化交际。
比如dragon (龙) 一词, 在汉语里的“龙”是高贵和吉祥的象征, 我们也自称是“龙的传人”;而在英语中dragon只是表示看守宝藏的怪物 (monster) 而已。这就要求我们在进行跨文化交流时, 不要想当然地把dragon用来表达“中国龙”或“高贵吉祥”的内涵意义。在教学过程中, 要提醒学生不能只依据词的概念意义就盲目使用, 一定要考虑言语交际的场合是否恰当。比如俚语buck虽表示美元, 但不能代替dollar用于正式场合。此外, 在日常生活等非正式场合下, 我们不宜多用具有正式文体意义的语汇 (如dwell) , 而改用相应的普通词 (live) 来代替。
汉语释义相近的英语单词可能有着不同的情感意义。例如, 同表“外来”之意的foreign和alien, 前者是褒义词, 而后者则是贬义词;又如表示“裸体的”naked是中性词, 而nude是贬义词。英语中有一些词由于它们与其他词的固定搭配关系而产生了区别性特征, 这就是它们的搭配意义。因此, 在跨文化交际时, 我们不能通过汉语思维来随意组合词汇, 否则会丧失词汇的搭配意义而达不到跨文化交际的目的。例如, pretty girl和handsome boy两个短语中的形容词不能互换使用;tremble with fear (害怕得发抖) 和quiver with excitement (激动得发抖) 两个固定搭配中的动词也不能互换。 (汪榕培2005:107-127)
(三) 剖析非言语交际中的文化习惯
《综合教程》里有关非言语交际主题的课文并不多, 主要集中在第四册第五单元和第六单元。除了在这两个单元里比较中西文化非言语交际习惯之外, 我们还可以从语篇上来挖掘相关的非言语交际习惯。譬如第三册第一单元Text A (Mr.Doherty Builds His Dream Life) 的第二段和第三段的段落中心句都在段首。作者喜欢把中心句放在段首, 段落的其他部分都是对中心句的诠释, 这和英语人士喜欢直线的思维方式和缜密的逻辑是分不开。通过剖析作者的行文习惯, 加上中英文行文习惯的比较, 学生可以真正理解英语人士的交流方式, 从而切实提高他 (她) 们的跨文化沟通能力。
五、结语
在英语是国际通用语的大背景下, 大学英语教学应该从传统的纯语言教学走向跨文化教学。大学英语教师应该在加深对中国传统文化的理解基础之上, 积极引导学生洞察西方文化的特征, 尽可能地让学生参与跨文化交流, 努力把他 (她) 们塑造成具有多重文化能力且善于开展跨文化交际的国际型人才。
摘要：大学英语教学从本质上讲就是跨文化外语教学。为了培养学生的跨文化意识和提高学生的跨文化交际能力, 本文以跨文化交际研究的基本内容为理论框架, 在分析《全新版大学英语》 (第二版) 《综合教程》的跨文化交际知识的基础上, 以具体的教学内容为例提出了跨文化大学英语教学的实施方法。
关键词：大学英语教学,跨文化交际能力,跨文化大学英语教学方法
参考文献
[1]Samovar L.A.&Porter R.E.Communication Between Cultures (5th Ed.) [M].Beijing:Peking University Press, 2004.
[2]陈俊森, 樊葳葳.外国文化与跨文化交际[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社, 2000.
[3]教育部高等教育司.大学英语课程教学要求[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2007.
[4]孔德亮, 栾述文.大学英语跨文化教学的模式构建——研究现状与理论思考[J].外语界, 2012 (2) .
[5]李荫华总主编.全新版大学英语 (第二版) (综合教程) [C].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2010.
[6]凌乐祥.英语词汇学视阙下的跨文化大学英语词汇教学[J].教书育人:高教论坛, 2013 (10) .
[7]汪榕培.英语词汇学教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2005.
Unit4 全新版大学进阶第二册英语教案 第4篇
Key to Exercises of College English Book 2
Unit 1
★ Text A
Vocabulary I.1.1)insert
2)on occasion
3)investigate 4)In retrospect
5)initial
6)phenomena
7)attached 8)make up for 9)is awaiting 10)not…in the least 11)promote 12)emerged 2.1)There is a striking contrast between the standards of living in the north of the country and the south.2)Natural fiber is said to be superior to synthetic fiber.3)The city’s importance as a financial center has evolved slowly.4)His nationality is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer.5)The poems by a little-known sixteenth-century Italian poet have found their way into some English magazines.3.1)be picked up, can’t accomplish, am exaggerating
2)somewhat, performance, have neglected, they apply to
3)assist, On the other hand, are valid, a superior II.1.1)continual 2)continuous 3)continual 4)continuous 2.1)principal 2)principal
3)principle 4)principles 5)principal III.1.themselves
2.himself/herself
3.herself/by herself/on her own
4.itself
5.ourselves
6.yourself/ by yourself/on your own Comprehensive Exercise I.Cloze 1.1)contrast
2)exaggerating
3)priority
4)on the other hand
5)promoting
6)pick up
7)assist
8)accomplish
9)on occasion
10)neglecting
11)worthwhile 12)superior 2.1)end
2)perform
3)facing
4)competent
5)equipped
6)designed
7)approach
8)rest
9)definitely
10)quality II.Translation
1.1)It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition.2)Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience.3)Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.4)Assuming(that)this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy/purchase it? 5)If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.2.To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking.Besides, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important.全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程2课后练习答案
Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English.It is also helpful to summarize our experience as we go along, for in so doing, we can figure out which way of learning is more effective and will produce the most desirable result.As long as we keep working hard on it, we will in due course accomplish the task of mastering English.★ Text B Comprehension check: c c d a c b Language Practice 1.g h e c f a b d
2.1)adopt 2)account 3)from your point of view 4)ended up 5)furthermore 6)fund
7)annual
8)keeping track of
9)pace
10)intends 11)perspective
12)devise
Unit 2 ★ Text A Vocabulary I.1.1)abrupt
2)emotional
3)bless
4)wear and tear
5)dated
6）consequences
7）seemingly 8)in contrast to 9)Curiosity 10)genuine
11)primarily 12)sentiments 2.1)When you are confronted with more than one problem, try to solve the easiest one first.2)Water is vital to the existence of all forms of life.3)There is still some confusion among the students about what to do after class to follow up on the subject.4)As a person of simple living habits, he needs nothing more than a job and an apartment to be happy.5)It tickled him to think that she’d come to as his advice.3.1)a lingering, fabricating, sentiments
2)fill out, every item, vital, consequences
3)be denied, tangible, cherish, attain II.1.It’s a long trip and will take us five hours by bus.2.She arrived early and took a front row seat.3.Don’t take me for a fool.4.It takes a lot of imagination to fabricate such a story.5.My uncle will take me(along on his trip)to the Arctic this summer.6.He took the dinner plate I passed to him.7.Kevin took second prize in the weight-lifting competition.8.If you don’t take my advice, you will regret it.III.1.hanging
2.to give 3.to return
4.being praised 5.not having written 6.to say
7.to open
8.being helped Comprehensive Exercise 全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程2课后练习答案
I.1.1)well-off/affluent
2)dated
3)falling into
4)bracket
5)deny 6)tangible
7)pursuit
8)cherishes
9)out of place
10)abrupt 11)focus
12)donations 2.1)consume
2)fueled
3)annual
4)plain
5)physically
6)security
7)indicates
8)equally
9)traditional
10)follows
II.Translation
1.1)The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.2)Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly.3)Education is the most cherished tradition in our family.That’s why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to the best private school.4)Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus had to go through another difficult phase of his life.5)In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, but they have always tried hard to meet our minimal needs.2.With more and more donations coming in, our university will be much better off financially next year.We will thus be able to focus on the most important task that we, educators, must take on: to encourage students to attain their scholarly/academic goals, to train them to be dependable and responsible individuals, to prepare them for the life ahead, and to guide them in their pursuit of spiritual as well as material satisfaction.★ Text B Comprehension Check: b b d c d d Language Practice 1.f c g e b a h d 2.1)stunned 2)hold(fast)to 3)folks 4)generosity 5)discount
6)liable 7)ranks
8)on the run
9)make up
10)blends in
Unit4 全新版大学进阶第二册英语教案 第5篇
1、What do you do?
3、My friends！
5、What’s this?
6、Look at it.你是做什么的？ 我的尺子在哪里？ 我的朋友们？ 它是什么颜色的？ 这个是什么？ 看这个.你叫什么名字？ 我的名字是艾米。你好！很高心见到你 他/她/它叫什么名字？ 他/她/它的么名字是Tom/Rose 带回家
你好吗？我很好。他/她/它好吗？ 他/她/它很好。它不好。
这个是什么用英语表达?它是…… 那个是什么用英语表达?它是……
2、Where’s my ruler?
4、What colour is it?
7、What’s you name?
8、My name is Amy.9、How do you do！
10、Nice / Glad to meet you.11、What’s his/her/its name?
13、Take it home.12、His/Her/Its name is Tom/Rose.14、How are you? I am fine.15、How is he/she/it?
16、He/She/It is fine.It is not fine.17、What’s this(in English?)It’s a /an…
18、What’s that(in English?)It’s a/an…
19、What are these? They are…（lemons）这些是什么？它们是柠檬。20、What are those? They are…（pears）
21、A good harvest22、Is this/that…（a burger）?
23、Yes, it is./ No, it isn’t.24、What’s for breakfast?
25、Are these lemons?
那些是什么？它们是梨。大丰收
这个/那个是……(汉堡包)？ 是，它是/不，它不是。（在酒店）早餐有什么？ 这些柠檬吗？
是，它们是/不，它们不是。它是什么颜色？它是…（绿色）
26、Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t.27、What color is it? It is…（green）
28、What color are they?They are…（purple）它们是什么颜色？它们是…（紫色）
29、Where are you from?I am from… 30、Where is he/she from?
31、He/She/It is from…
你来自哪儿? 我来自…… 他/她来自哪儿（哪个国家）? 他/她/它来自…… 你是美国人/中国人吗？ 是的，我是。/不，我不是。他/她是……(中国人)吗？ 是的，他/她是。/不，他/她不是。生日快乐。不用谢，不客气。你多大了？我…..岁了。他/她多大了？他/她…..岁了 去学校 去工作 你如何去学校？
我乘……（地铁）去学校.你做地铁去工作（学校）么？
32、Are you American /Chinese?
33、Yes, I am./No.I’m not.34、Is he/she…(Chinese)?
36、Happy birthday.37、You’re welcome35、Yes, he/she is./No, he/she isn’t.38、How old are you? I’m…40、Go to school41、Go to work39、How old is he/she? He/She is…
42、How do you go to school?
43、I go to school by …（subway）
44、Do you go to work(school)by subway?
45、Yes, I do./No, I don’t.46、Good afternoon.47、See you.下午好。再见
你现在在那儿工作？ 天气怎么样？它是晴天。它是雨天吗？是的。/不，不是。穿着白色衬衫 他/她是干什么的？ 他/她是学生吗？
他/她是医生还是护士？
48、Where do you work now?
49、How is the weather? It is(sunny).50、Is it(rainy)? Yes, it is.No, it isn’t.51、In the white shirt52、What is he/she?
53、He/She is a student54、Is she a doctor or a nurse?
55、He/She is a(an)…（doctor）他/她是一位医生
56、Whose book is it?It is Amy’s 它是谁的（帽子）？它是艾米的。
57、Whose socks are they? They are mine.它们是谁的袜子？它们是我的.58、Excuse me59、Here you are
对不起；请原谅 给你
这是你的尺子吗？ 做作业 打篮球 你正在做什么？ 我在思考。网上冲浪
他/她正在做什么？ 他/她正在做作业。淋浴
动物园有什么？ 这里有很多可爱的动物。这里有鸟吗？
是，这里有/不，这里没有。
60、Is this your ruler?No，It isn’t.62、Do my homework63、Play basketball65、I am thinking.66、Surf on line61、Is that her homework？ Yes, I think so.那是她的作业吗? 是的，我想是的。
64、What are you doing?
67、What is he/she doing?69、Take a show68、He /She is doing his/her homework.70、What’s in the zoo?72、Are there any bird？
71、There are many cute animals73、Yes, there are /No.there aren’t74、Do you like the teddy bear or the Barbie doll? 你喜欢玩具熊还是芭比娃娃？
75、I like the teddy bear / the Barbie doll 玩具熊/芭比娃娃
76、Does Tom like the teddy bear or the Barbie doll? Tom喜欢玩具熊还是芭比娃
娃？
77、Happy Christmas.78、This way , please
圣诞快乐 请这边走 你想要点什么？ 我想要一杯水.你想要一些面包吗？ 是的。/不用，谢谢。今天天气真好！（在饭馆）这是菜单。
