高考文言文阅读之翻译范文第1篇

1、落实《考试说明》阅读浅易文言文的能力的训练，集中训练学生翻译文言语句的能力。

2、在学生掌握翻译的原则和方法上，加强学生踩点得分的意识，通过对已学的难词难句的突破掌握翻译的方法和技巧。

教学重点和难点

1、抓关键词句(关键词语、关键句子)，强化得分点。

2、掌握解题方法，答题步骤。

3、调动积累(课内文言知识、成语、语法、语境)等巧解难词难句。

教学思路

以练得法，以法导练。充分调动学生的积极性和主动性，尽量提高课堂效率。

教学方法

讲授法 讨论法 归纳法 自主合作探究

教学资源

网络 高三资料参考书

课时安排

一课时

教学过程和步骤：

一、导语设计

由同学自主谈谈翻译的困惑和亮点以及平时采用什么方法去突破，由此归纳出翻译的原则标准。

译文标准: 字字落实

一一 对应

文从句顺

二、自主探究，得出翻译的方法。(温故知新)

1、练一练：

①此沛公左司马曹无伤言之。不然，籍何以至此?(《鸿门宴》)

②庆历四年春，滕子京谪守巴陵郡。(《岳阳楼记》)

归纳：留人名、地名、官名、制度名词等

2、练一练：

①“夫六国与秦皆诸侯”，

②“昼夜勤作息”

归纳：删无意义或没必要译出的衬词、虚词、同义互用等

3、练一练：

①愿伯具言臣之不敢倍德也

②吾妻之美我者 ③今齐地方千里，百二十城。

归纳：换单音节词、通假字、活用、古今异义词等

1、 练一练：

①大王来何操?②求人可使报秦者，不得。

③青，取之于蓝，而青于蓝

归纳：调变序句(主谓倒装、宾前、定后、状语后置、省略等)

5、练一练 ：①一鼓作气，再而衰。

②以相如功大，拜 为上卿。

归纳：补省略成分(主语、谓语、宾语、介词等)

6、练一练 ：

①杀人如不能举，刑人如恐不胜。

②有妾二人，其一人美，其一人恶

③至七月，乃扶病入觐，奏对称旨。

归纳：猜利用字形、句子结构、语境等揣摩

三、归纳总结

字字落实 留删换

三标准 一一对应 六方法

文从句顺 调补猜

四、试一试行不行

把文言文阅读材料中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

庄子之齐，见饿人而哀之，饿者从而求食。庄子曰：“吾已不食七日矣!”饿者吁曰：“吾见过我者多矣，莫我哀也;哀我者，惟夫子。向使夫子不不食，其能哀我乎?!”

(1) 吾见过我者多矣，莫我哀也。

译： 。

(2) 向使夫子不不食，其能哀我乎?!

译：

(操作步骤：收集学生的作业，在幻灯片上呈现学生的答案，让学生点评答案。在发现问题中运用方法，掌握方法。)

五、高考链接

把文言文阅读材料中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语

周维城传(节选)[清]张惠言

嘉庆元年，余游富阳，知县恽候请余修县志，未及属稿，而恽候奉调，余去富阳。富阳高傅占，君子人也，为余言周维城事甚具，故为之传，以遗后之修志者。

高傅占言曰：富阳人多称丰①能施与好人，然丰尝曰：“吾愧吴翁、焦翁。”吴翁者，徽州人，贾于富阳，每岁尽，夜怀金走里巷，见贫家，嘿②置其户中，不使知也。焦翁者，江宁人，挟三百金之富阳贾。时江水暴发，焦急呼渔者，拯一人者与一金。凡数日得若干人，留肆中饮食之，俟之息，资遣之归。三百金立罄。二人者，今以问富阳人，不能知也。丰又尝言：“吾生平感妇翁知我。”

呜呼，市巷中固不乏士哉!

[注] ①丰：人名;②嘿(mò)：悄悄地

(操作步骤：课堂上让学生在黑板上演练，课堂上通过高考真题演练，运用方法，及时纠错，巩固知识。)

六、总结：学生谈学习心得，改善下次课堂教学。

七、拓展延伸

自我评价

高考文言文阅读之翻译范文第2篇

一、语言文字运用(15分)

1.A2.C3.树也需要良好的生长环境;人类应该善待自然。

4.家长在满足孩子的要求时,不能越过是非的底线。

二、文言文阅读(19分)

5.B6.D7.C

8.(1)(王蒙正)了解苏涣的贤能,降低身份以礼相待,把郡里的事务托付给他。

(2)你作为一个县令能够这样,比言事的官员好多了!

(3)你们才能赶不上别人,姑且学习我少犯错误就可以了。

三、古诗词鉴赏(10分)

9.(1)思念远隔天涯的心上人的怅恨之情。

(2)主人公满腹哀怨,对月怀远,月却不解;临水看花,花自飘零,无人怜惜。刻画了一位孤独寂寞又自哀自怜的主人公形象。

(3)借景抒情。把天涯之思投向无边天际,以碧云 曳表现心绪的不宁，以碧云斜落表现心情的低沉。

四、名句名篇默写(8分)

10.(1)积善成德(2)一夫当关 万夫莫开(3)万里悲秋常作客(4)传其道解其惑者也

(5)不敢言而敢怒(6)只是当时已惘然(7)与朋友交而不信乎 传不习乎

五、现代文阅读:文学类文本(20分)

11.平静,恬淡,人际关系友善,生活节奏舒缓。

12.看见学生给家长写的信,他就能大致猜测到内容,并体谅到家长的辛劳;邮差不免要送递坏消息,他为此感到遗憾,并衷心希望没有坏消息。这两句写出了他善良仁厚的性格。

13.这句话借说天气,表达了邮差对小城生活的满意心情;写“这个小城”的天气好,说明是对生活通常状态的感受。点明了文章的主题,即对于小城生存状态的礼赞。

14.有助于刻画邮差这一形象的特征:经历平常,性格平和,行事从容;也有助于表现小城惯常的生活状态;淡化了情节,有助于形成作品的抒情风格。

六、现代文阅读:论述类文本(18分)

15.笑可以使人与动物相区别;笑可以帮助我们保持平衡感;笑可以揭示人的本来面目。

16.首先提出就本来面目看人是嘲笑的前提;接着阐述妇女和儿童能看清人的本来面目的原因;最后阐述妇女和儿童的嘲笑具有令人惧怕的力量。

17.人们通常认为悲伤是更可贵的情感,但作者对这一看法持否定态度。这段话反证了笑更难做到也更可贵。

附文言文翻译：

伯父叫苏涣。最初取字公群，后来又取字文父。年少时很聪明。所结交的朋友都是当时的上了岁数的有德行的人。天圣元年，才参加乡试。第二年中举，被任命为凤翔府宝鸡县主簿。

不久，调任凤州司法。王蒙正担任凤州知州，因为与章献太后是亲家，就仗势欺人，骄傲蛮横。知道苏公贤能，屈心下意，以礼相待，把郡中事物托付给苏公。伯父虽然因为职务关系事奉他，但是鄙视他的为人。王蒙正曾经向朝廷举荐他，又给权要大官写信，说苏公可以被任用。苏公告诉郡中驻京办事机构的官吏，压下王蒙正的奏章并把王蒙正写给权要的私人信件藏起来。不久，王蒙正失势落 1

马，当时的士人因此称赞苏公。

因为给太夫人服丧而离任。后来被起用为开封士曹。雍丘有个百姓死在了监狱里，县里的官吏害怕担罪，说是那人得病死的。州府派人审理这个案子，经过好几个人审理也没能查出真相。等到苏公一去，就给他伸了冤。西夏人进犯边境。府中赎买市民的马匹来扩充骑兵。府尹把此事交给苏公，需要的马匹全部征得并且没有扰乱百姓。虽然处理政务非常宽松，但是用法十分恰当，吏民敬畏他，但是又安于他的治理。阆中人鲜于冼，年少时喜欢学习，行为纯正踏实。苏公对待他非常关照，把他作为地方举荐的人选，他因此而得以进入仕途。他刚做官的时候，苏公又期望他做一个清正廉洁的官吏。后来鲜于冼做到谏议大夫，号称名臣。 被选任为祥符知县，乡里从事抄写工作的吏员张宗长久以来作奸犯科以权谋私。害怕苏公，借口有病，过了一百天就辞职了，又引荐他的儿子代替自己。苏公说：“按照法律，抄写人员应该任用三等人，你是第二等，不行。”张宗向来巴结了不少权贵，就向州府申诉，州府发函给祥符县，苏公把张宗打了一顿棍子。不久有地位比较高的宦官来到州府，传达皇帝的旨意，让张宗担任书手，苏公根据法律不接受诏命。又有一个宦官来到说：“即使不合法，也一定要给予他这个职位。”苏公对府尹李珣说：“一个平民百姓却能如此扰乱法律。府中也不能办成什么事了，你为什么不用县里不同意的原因来争辩呢。”李珣听了苏公的话很惭愧，第二天入朝上奏此事，皇上说很好，派内侍查究此事。因为张宗贿赂了温成等人求情，就不再深究这件事。打了假传诏命的宦官一顿棍子，将之贬斥。整个府中都很震动。孝肃公包拯见到苏公，赞叹道：“你凭借着一个县令的身份能够这样，比那些言事官强太多了!”升任利州路提点刑狱。苏公到任一年多，弹劾了一个擅自杀人的城固县令，整个利州路的人都震动害怕，因此而太平无事。

高考文言文阅读之翻译范文第3篇

解析

制度

6、D

解析(1)体现的是清白(2)体现的是做事圆滑世故

7、A

解析

已经远远传播到了东吴一代。

8、

(1)明帝问左右“安国”在哪里，左右臣子用李丰来回答。

(2)李丰的儿子李韬被选中娶公主为妻，李丰虽然表面上推辞，而内心不怎么害怕。

(3)中书令一职空缺，大将军征询朝臣意见：“合适补任的人为谁?”

解析

重点关注“安国所在”“以丰对”“谁可补者”三个短语的翻译方法。

译文：

李丰，字安国，原先的卫尉李义的儿子，黄初年间，因为父亲任职的缘故召来随军。起初还没有做官时，年龄十七八岁，在邺下名声行为清正，有识别人物的观察力，海内一致称颂，没有人不注意他。后来跟随军队到了许昌，声望一天天高起来。他的父亲不愿意看到他这个样子，于是命令他关闭大门，命令他跟客人断绝交往。起初，明帝作太子，李丰也热衷文学。等到明帝即位，得到吴国投降的人，问道：“江东一带听说中原一带的名士都有谁啊?”投降的人说：“听说有个人叫李安国。”当时李丰做黄门侍郎，明帝问左右“安国”在哪里，左右臣子用李丰来回答。明帝说：“李丰的名声都广泛传播到了吴越之地么?”后来升迁为骑都尉，给事中。明帝归天后，李丰做了永宁太仆，因为名声超过实际才能，才能并不大。

正始年间，升为侍中尚书仆射。李丰在台省，常常假称自己有病，当时台省的规定，生病请假满一百天应当解职。李丰生病不满几十日，就暂且上班，不久在请假，像这样很多年。当初，李丰的儿子李韬被选中娶公主为妻，李丰虽然表面上推辞，而内心不怎么害怕。李丰的弟弟李翼和李伟，做官数年间，都做到郡守，李丰曾经在总人面前明显告诫两位弟弟。等到司马宣王长久生病，李伟作为郡守，因为酗酒荒于政务，祸乱新平。扶风两个郡而李丰并不召回问罪，众人认为是依仗自己得到皇帝的宠幸。

曹爽专政时，李丰虚与委蛇与两个人之间，没有亲疏之别，所以当时有诋毁李丰的歌谣：“曹爽的势力如热水，太傅父子冷如凉水，李丰兄弟如同怪兽游光。”这其中的意思时李丰虽然对外显示清净，而内心贪图省事，跟游光相似。等到宣王下令诛杀曹爽，停车在宫门前，把事情告诉李丰，李丰很害怕，马上昏厥，脚站在地上抬不起来。

等到嘉平四年宣王归天后，中书令一职空缺，大将军征询朝臣意见：“合适补任的人为谁?”有人推荐李丰。李丰知道这虽然不是很明智的选择。然而自以为跟皇帝联亲，想着可以依附皇帝，因而接受没有推辞。于是大将军上奏任用了他。李丰担任中书令二年，皇帝常常单独召见他跟他交谈，不了解自己说什么。景王知道他非议自己，请他谈，他不说实话，就杀了他。这个事情做得很隐秘。

高考文言文阅读之翻译范文第4篇

(31) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.

(32)The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.

(33)The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.

(34)They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.

(35) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.

2003年英译汉试题

(36)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.

(37)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

(38)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.

(39)Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”

(40)Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture," like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.

2004年英译汉试题

(41) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.

(42) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.

(43) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.1

(44) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought ma society.

(45) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.

2005年英译汉试题

(46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.

(47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.

(48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.

(49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice

(50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”

2006年英译汉试题

(51) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems.

(52) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

(53) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.

(54) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.

(55) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.

2007年英译汉试题

(56) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.

(57) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.

(58) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.

(59) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.

(60) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.

2008年英译汉试题

(61) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.

(62) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.

(63) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.

(64) He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”

(65) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.

2009年英译汉试题

(66) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.

(67) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.

(68) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.

(69) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.

(70) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering,

a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling.

2010年英译汉试题

(71)Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.

(72)but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.

(73)Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless species.

(74)In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such ,within reason.

(75)It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.

2011年英译汉试题

(76) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature

(77) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”

(78) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.

(79)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .

(80) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.

46. yet, when onelooks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes onethat, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various otherfundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression。

【参考译文】然而，看着无家可归者绘制出的花园图片时，人们会突然想到，尽管这些花园风格多样，它们都显示了人类除了装饰和创造性表达之外的其他各种基本诉求

47. A sacred placeof peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed toshelter, which is a distinctly animal need。

【参考译文】无论地方多么简陋不堪，寻求一片静谧圣土是人类特有的需求，而动物需要的仅是仅是避难栖息之地。

48. The gardens ofthe homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urbanenvironment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such。

【参考译文】无家可归者的乐园，实际上是一个毫无家气息的地方，给城市环境带来了一种新的形式。。

无家可归者描绘的花园实质上是无所依附的，这些花园把一种形式引入城市环境中，而这样的城市环境中，形式要么根本不存在， 要么就完全不是以这种明显的方式存在。

49. most of usgive in to a demoralization of spirit which usually blame on some psychologicalconditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppressionvanish as if by magic。

【参考译文】我们大多数人会深陷于精神萎靡的状态，并常常将此归咎为一些心理原因，直到某天我们发现自己置身花园中，感到如魔法般烦闷尽消

50. It is thisimplicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of theword garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these syntheticconstructions。