翻译英文诗歌范文第1篇
英诗的欣赏：诗的格律、诗的押韵、诗的体式、诗的评判。
诗以高度凝结的语言表达着人们的喜怒哀乐，用其特有的节奏与方式影响着人们的精神世界。诗讲究联想，运用象征、比喻、拟人等各种修辞手法，形成了独特的语言艺术。
一、 诗的格律
“格律是指可以用脚打拍子的节奏”，是每个音步轻重音节排列的格式，也是朗读时轻重音的依据。而音步是由重读音节和非重读音节构成的诗的分析单位。重读音节为扬(重)，在音节上用“-”或“?”标示，非重读音节为抑(轻)，在音节上用“?”标示，音步之间可用“/”隔开。以下是五种常见格式：
1. 抑扬格(轻重格)Iambus：是最常见的一种格式，每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。
As fair / art thou / my bon/nie lass，
So deep / in luve / am I ：
And I / will luve / thee still，/ my dear，
Till a` / the seas / gang dry：
Robert Burns(1759-1796)： My Luve Is like a Red， Red Rose
注;art=are luve=love bonnie=beautiful a`=all gang=go
上例中为四音步与三音步交叉，可标示为：?-/?-/?-/(?-)
2.扬抑格(重轻格)Trochee：每个音步由一个重读音节加一个非重读音节构成。
下例中为四音步扬抑格(少一个轻音节)，可标示为：-?/-?/-?/-
Tyger!/ Tyger!/ burning / bright In the / forests / of the / night William Blake： The Tyger 3. 抑抑扬格(轻轻重格)Anapaestic foot： 每个音步由两个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。如：三音步抑抑扬格??-/??-/??-
Like a child / from the womb，
Like a ghost / from the tomb，
I arise / and unbuild / it again.
4. 扬抑抑格(重轻轻格)Dactylic foot： 每个音步由一个重读音节加两个非重读音节构成。如：两音步扬抑抑格-??/-??
?Touch her not / ?scornfully，
?Think of her / ?mournfully.
- Thomas Hood
5. 抑扬抑格(轻重轻格)Amphibrach：每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节再加一个非重读音节构成。如：三音步抑扬抑格?-?/?-?/?-?下例中最后一个音步为抑扬格。
O ?hush thee / my ?babie / thy ?sire was / a knight.
在同一首诗中常会出现不同的格律，格律解析对朗读诗歌有一定参考价值。现代诗中常不遵守规范的格律。
二、 诗的押韵
押韵是指通过重复元音或辅音以达到一定音韵效果的诗歌写作手法。
1. 尾韵：最常见，最重要的押韵方式。
1) 联韵：aabb型。
I shot an arrow into the air，
It fell to earth， I knew not where;
For， so swiftly it flew， the sight
Could not follow it in its flight.
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow： The Arrow and the Song
2) 交叉韵：abab型。
Sunset and evening star，
And one clear call for me!
And may there be no moaning of the bar，
When I put out to sea，
Alfred Tennyson(1809-1892)： Crossing the Bar
3) 同韵：有的诗押韵，一韵到底，大多是在同一节诗中共用一个韵脚。
如下例就共用/i：p/为韵脚。
The woods are lovely， dark and deep，
But I have promises to keep，
And miles to go before I sleep，
And miles to go before I sleep.
Robert Frost (1874-1963)： Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
2. 头韵：是指一行(节)诗中几个词开头的辅音相同，形成押韵。下例中运用/f/、/b/与/s/头韵生动写出了船在海上轻快航行的景象。
The fair breeze blew， the white foam flew，
The furrow followed free，
We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea. T.S. Coleridge： Rime of the Acient Mariner 3.内韵(同元音)：指词与词之间原因的重复形成的内部押韵。
下面一节诗中/i/及/iη/重复照应，呈现出一派欢乐祥和的气氛。
Spring， the sweet spring， is the years pleasant king;
Then blooms each thing， then maids dance in a ring，
Cold dath not sting， the pretty birds do sing：
Cuckoo，jug-jug，pu-we，to-witta-woo!
Thomas Nashe(1567-1601)： Spring， the Sweet Spring
三、 诗的体式
有的诗分成几节(stanza)，每节由若干诗行组成(每行诗均以大写字母开头);有的诗则不分节。目前我们常见的诗体有：
1. 十四行诗(Sonnet)，源于中世纪民间抒情短诗，十
三、十四世纪流行于意大利，意大利彼特拉克(Petrarch)为代表人物，每行十一个音节，全诗一节八行，加一节六行，韵脚用abba， abba， cdcdcd (cdecde)。前八行提问，后六行回答。
后来，怀亚特(ThomasWyatt，1503-1542)将十四行诗引人英国，五音步抑扬格，全诗三个四行一个二行，前三节提问，后二句结论。斯宾塞(EdmundSpenser，1552-1599)用韵脚 abab， bcbc，cdcd，ee.莎士比亚(WilliamShakespeare，1564-1616)用韵脚abab，cdcd，dfdf，gg，称英国式或莎士比亚式。举例见本文第四部分。
2. 打油诗(Limericks)：通常是小笑话甚至是胡诌，一般没有标题也无作者姓名，含有幽默讽刺性，常运用双关，内韵等手法。每首诗五个诗行，押韵为aabba，格律以抑扬格和抑抑扬格为主。
1) There was a young lady of Nigger
Who smiled as she rode on a tiger;
They returned from the ride
With the lady inside，
And the smile on the face of the tiger.
2) A tutor who taught on the flute
Tried to teach two tooters to toot，
“Is it harder to toot， or
Said the two to the tutor，
To tutor two tooters to toot?“
3. 无韵体(Blank Verse)：五音步抑扬格，不押韵诗体。
Across the watery bale ， and shout again，
Responsive to his call，and gazed - but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought：
For oft， when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood，
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
Ans then my heart with pleasure fills，
And dances with the daffodils.
Notes： a crowd， a host of： many sprightly：happy glee：joy
jocund：happy bliss：complete happiness pensive：sadly thoughtful
华兹华斯(WilliamWordsworth，1770-1850)，十九世纪初英格兰北部湖区三大“湖畔派诗人”(浪漫主义)之一。此诗向我们描绘了一幅美好的自然景象，同时抒发作者对自然美景的喜欢。黄水仙据说是威尔士国花(1282年，威尔士归顺英格兰，被封公国)，在英国广泛栽种，春季开花，花期不长。有许多关于黄水仙的诗歌，这首诗无疑是脱颖而出的。
全诗语言精炼，通俗易懂，四音步抑扬格，分四节(stanza)，每节6行，每节押韵均为ababcc.第一节写诗人孤寂时外出散步，偶遇水仙;第二节写水仙争相开放，千姿百态;第三节，诗人看到这景象感到欣喜异常;第四节写诗人在日后忧郁时，回想当时情景，又让他心中充满了欢乐，随着水仙跳起舞来。
3. Song of Myself
I celebrate myself， and sing myself，
And what I assume you shall assume，
For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.
I loafe and invite my soul，
I learn and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.
My tongue， every atom of my blood， formd from this soil， this air，
Born ere of parents born here from parents the same， and their parents the same，
I， now thirty seven years old in perfect health begin，
Hoping to cease not till death.
Creeds and schools in abeyance，
Retiring back a while sufficed at what they are， but never forgotten.
I harbor for good or bad， I permit to speak at every hazard.
Nature without check with original energy.
Notes： a spear of： a piece of school：学说，流派 hazard：chance
abeyance： the condition of not being in use for a certain time
惠特曼(Walt Whitman，1819-1892)，美国诗人。此诗选自其巨著。本文是Song of Myself 一诗的第一部分，采用自由诗体，语言接近当时的美国口语。
文中I指作者，you指读者，这种写法使读者身临其境，进入作者描写的世界。作者在文中表明人的价值是平等的，同时他把自己融入到自然带给他的启发思考中。
翻译英文诗歌范文第2篇
You‟ve got to find what you love,‟ Jobs says
This is the text of the Commencement address by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, delivered on June 12, 2005.
I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest I‟ve ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That‟s it. No big deal. Just three stories.
The first story is about connecting the dots.
I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?
It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: “We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?” They said: “Of course.” My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.
And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents‟ savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn‟t see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn‟t interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.
It wasn‟t all romantic. I didn‟t have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends‟ rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5?? deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn‟t have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can‟t capture, and I found it fascinating.
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, its likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.
Again, you can‟t connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in somethingI found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creationa year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
I really didn‟t know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs downI still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.
I didn‟t see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I retuned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple‟s current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together. I‟m pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn‟t been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don‟t lose faith. I‟m convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You‟ve got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven‟t found it yet, keep looking. Don‟t settle. As with all matters of the heart, you‟ll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don‟t settle.
My third story is about death.
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: “If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you‟ll most certainly be right.” It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: “If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?” And whenever the answer has been “No” for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.
Remembering that I‟ll be dead soon is the most important tool I‟ve ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everythingthese things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn‟t even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor‟s code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you‟d have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.
I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I‟m fine now.
This was the closest I‟ve been to facing death, and I hope its the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:
No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don‟t want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life‟s change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.
Your time is limited, so don‟t waste it living someone else‟s life. Don‟t be trapped by dogma - which is living with the results of other people‟s thinking. Don‟t let the noise of other‟s opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960‟s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions. Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: “Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.” It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.
Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.
Thank you all very much.
Steve Jobs说，你得找出你爱的 (You‟ve got to find what you love.)。
以下是苹果计算机公司与Pixar动画制作室执行长Steve Jobs在2005年六月12日对全体史丹佛大学毕业生的演讲内容。
今天，有荣幸来到各位从世界上最好的学校之一毕业的毕业典礼上。我从来没从大学毕业。说实话，这是我离大学毕业最近的一刻。今天，我只说三个故事，不谈大道理，三个故事就好。
第一个故事，是关于人生中的点点滴滴怎么串连在一起。
我在里德学院(Reed college)待了六个月就办休学了。到我退学前，一共休学了十八个月。那么，我为什么休学?
这得从我出生前讲起。我的亲生母亲当时是个研究生，年轻未婚妈妈，她决定让别人收养我。她强烈觉得应该让有大学毕业的人收养我，所以我出生时，她就准备让我被一对律师夫妇收养。但是这对夫妻到了最后一刻反悔了，他们想收养女孩。所以在等待收养名单上的一对夫妻，我的养父母，在一天半夜里接到一通电话，问他们「有一名意外出生的男孩，你们要认养他吗?」而他们的回答是「当然要」。后来，我的生母发现，我现在的妈妈从来没有大学毕业，我现在的爸爸则连高中毕业也没有。她拒绝在认养文件上做最后签字。直到几个月后，我的养父母同意将来一定会让我上大学，她才软化态度。
十七年后，我上大学了。但是当时我无知选了一所学费几乎跟史丹佛一样贵的大学，我那工人阶级的父母所有积蓄都花在我的学费上。六个月后，我看不出念这个书的价值何在。那时候，我不知道这辈子要干什么，也不知道念大学能对我有什么帮助，而且我为了念这个书，花光了我父母这辈子的所有积蓄，所以我决定休学，相信船到桥头自然直。当时这个决定看来相当可怕，可是现在看来，那是我这辈子做过最好的决定之一。当我休学之后，我再也不用上我没兴趣的必修课，把时间拿去听那些我有兴趣的课。
这一点也不浪漫。我没有宿舍，所以我睡在友人家里的地板上，靠着回收可乐空罐的五先令退费买吃的，每个星期天晚上得走七里的路绕过大半个镇去印度教的 Hare Krishna神庙吃顿好料。我喜欢Hare Krishna神庙的好料。追寻我的好奇与直觉，我所驻足的大部分事物，后来看来都成了无价之宝。举例来说：
当时里德学院有着大概是全国最好的书法指导。在整个校园内的每一张海报上，每个抽屉的标签上，都是美丽的手写字。因为我休学了，可以不照正常选课程序来，所以我跑去学书法。我学了serif与san serif字体，学到在不同字母组合间变更字间距，学到活版印刷伟大的地方。书法的美好、历史感与艺术感是科学所无法捕捉的，我觉得那很迷人。
我没预期过学的这些东西能在我生活中起些什么实际作用，不过十年后，当我在设计第一台麦金塔时，我想起了当时所学的东西，所以把这些东西都设计进了麦金塔里，这是第一台能印刷出漂亮东西的计算机。如果我没沉溺于那样一门课里，麦金塔可能就不会有多重字体跟变间距字体了。又因为Windows抄袭了麦金塔的使用方式，如果当年我没这样做，大概世界上所有的个人计算机都不会有这些东西，印不出现在我们看到的漂亮的字来了。当然，当我还在大学里时，不可能把这些点点滴滴预先串在一起，但是这在十年后回顾，就显得非常清楚。
我再说一次，你不能预先把点点滴滴串在一起;唯有未来回顾时，你才会明白那些点点滴滴是如何串在一起的。所以你得相信，你现在所体会的东西，将来多少会连接在一块。你得信任某个东西，直觉也好，命运也好，生命也好，或者业力。这种作法从来没让我失望，也让我的人生整个不同起来。
我的第二个故事，有关爱与失去。
我好运-年轻时就发现自己爱做什么事。我二十岁时，跟Steve Wozniak在我爸妈的车库里开始了苹果计算机的事业。我们拼命工作，苹果计算机在十年间从一间车库里的两个小伙子扩展成了一家员工超过四千人、市价二十亿美金的公司，在那之前一年推出了我们最棒的作品-麦金塔，而我才刚迈入人生的第三十个年头，然后被炒鱿鱼。要怎么让自己创办的公司炒自己鱿鱼?好吧，当苹果计算机成长后，我请了一个我以为他在经营公司上很有才干的家伙来，他在头几年也确实干得不错。可是我们对未来的愿景不同，最后只好分道扬镳，董事会站在他那边，炒了我鱿鱼，公开把我请了出去。曾经是我整个成年生活重心的东西不见了，令我不知所措。
有几个月，我实在不知道要干什么好。我觉得我令企业界的前辈们失望-我把他们交给我的接力棒弄丢了。我见了创办HP的David Packard跟创办Intel的Bob Noyce，跟他们说我很抱歉把事情搞砸得很厉害了。我成了公众的非常负面示范，我甚至想要离开硅谷。但是渐渐的，我发现，我还是喜爱着我做过的事情，在苹果的日子经历的事件没有丝毫改变我爱做的事。我被否定了，可是我还是爱做那些事情，所以我决定从头来过。
当时我没发现，但是现在看来，被苹果计算机开除，是我所经历过最好的事情。成功的沉重被从头来过的轻松所取代，每件事情都不那么确定，让我自由进入这辈子最有创意的年代。
接下来五年，我开了一家叫做NeXT的公司，又开一家叫做Pixar的公司，也跟后来的老婆谈起了恋爱。Pixar接着制作了世界上第一部全计算机动画电影，玩具总动员，现在是世界上最成功的动画制作公司。然后，苹果计算机买下了NeXT，我回到了苹果，我们在NeXT发展的技术成了苹果计算机后来复兴的核心。我也有了个美妙的家庭。
我很确定，如果当年苹果计算机没开除我，就不会发生这些事情。这帖药很苦口，可是我想苹果计算机这个病人需要这帖药。有时候，人生会用砖头打你的头。不要丧失信心。我确信，我爱我所做的事情，这就是这些年来让我继续走下去的唯一理由。你得找出你爱的，工作上是如此，对情人也是如此。你的工作将填满你的一大块人生，唯一获得真正满足的方法就是做你相信是伟大的工作，而唯一做伟大工作的方法是爱你所做的事。如果你还没找到这些事，继续找，别停顿。尽你全心全力，你知道你一定会找到。而且，如同任何伟大的关系，事情只会随着时间愈来愈好。所以，在你找到之前，继续找，别停顿。
我的第三个故事，关于死亡。
当我十七岁时，我读到一则格言，好像是「把每一天都当成生命中的最后一天，你就会轻松自在。」这对我影响深远，在过去33年里，我每天早上都会照镜子，自问：「如果今天是此生最后一日，我今天要干些什么?」每当我连续太多天都得到一个「没事做」的答案时，我就知道我必须有所变革了。
提醒自己快死了，是我在人生中下重大决定时，所用过最重要的工具。因为几乎每件事-所有外界期望、所有名誉、所有对困窘或失败的恐惧-在面对死亡时，都消失了，只有最重要的东西才会留下。提醒自己快死了，是我所知避免掉入自己有东西要失去了的陷阱里最好的方法。人生不带来，死不带去，没什么道理不顺心而为。
一年前，我被诊断出癌症。我在早上七点半作断层扫描，在胰脏清楚出现一个肿瘤，我连胰脏是什么都不知道。医生告诉我，那几乎可以确定是一种不治之症，我大概活不到三到六个月了。医生建议我回家，好好跟亲人们聚一聚，这是医生对临终病人的标准建议。那代表你得试着在几个月内把你将来十年想跟小孩讲的话讲完。那代表你得把每件事情搞定，家人才会尽量轻松。那代表你得跟人说再见了。
我整天想着那个诊断结果，那天晚上做了一次切片，从喉咙伸入一个内视镜，从胃进肠子，插了根针进胰脏，取了一些肿瘤细胞出来。我打了镇静剂，不醒人事，但是我老婆在场。她后来跟我说，当医生们用显微镜看过那些细胞后，他们都哭了，因为那是非常少见的一种胰脏癌，可以用手术治好。所以我接受了手术，康复了。
这是我最接近死亡的时候，我希望那会继续是未来几十年内最接近的一次。经历此事后，我可以比之前死亡只是抽象概念时要更肯定告诉你们下面这些：
没有人想死。即使那些想上天堂的人，也想活着上天堂。但是死亡是我们共有的目的地，没有人逃得过。这是注定的，因为死亡简直就是生命中最棒的发明，是生命变化的媒介，送走老人们，给新生代留下空间。现在你们是新生代，但是不久的将来，你们也会逐渐变老，被送出人生的舞台。抱歉讲得这么戏剧化，但是这是真的。
你们的时间有限，所以不要浪费时间活在别人的生活里。不要被信条所惑-盲从信条就是活在别人思考结果里。不要让别人的意见淹没了你内在的心声。最重要的，拥有跟随内心与直觉的勇气，你的内心与直觉多少已经知道你真正想要成为什么样的人。任何其它事物都是次要的。
在我年轻时，有本神奇的杂志叫做Whole Earth Catalog，当年我们很迷这本杂志。那是一位住在离这不远的Menlo Park的Stewart Brand发行的，他把杂志办得很有诗意。那是1960年代末期，个人计算机跟桌上出版还没发明，所有内容都是打字机、剪刀跟拍立得相机做出来的。杂志内容有点像印在纸上的Google，在Google出现之前35年就有了：理想化，充满新奇工具与神奇的注记。
Stewart跟他的出版团队出了好几期Whole Earth Catalog，然后出了停刊号。当时是1970年代中期，我正是你们现在这个年龄的时候。在停刊号的封底，有张早晨乡间小路的照片，那种你去爬山时会经过的乡间小路。在照片下有行小字：
求知若饥，虚心若愚。
那是他们亲笔写下的告别讯息，我总是以此自许。当你们毕业，展开新生活，我也以此期许你们。
求知若饥，虚心若愚。
翻译英文诗歌范文第3篇
Lessor(hereinafter referred to as Party A): XXX
Lessee(hereinafter referred to as Party B): XXX
Party A and B have, in respect of leasing the legitimate premises owned by
Party A to Party B, reached an agreement through friendly consultation to
conclude the following contract under the relevant national laws and
regulations, as well as the relevant stipulations of the city.
Party A will lease to Party B the business premises which is located at following agreements:
1.The lease term is year, it will be from year))___(day)to(year)___(month)(day). Annual rent (RMB) ______
yuan(after-tax).
2. The rent should be paid _____ (it should be paid before using the
premises ). If Party B doesn’t pay the rent within the stipulated period of time,
then Party A will have the right to withdraw the premises.
3. If there is a big change of the market rent, the two parties can negotiate to
adjust the rent.
4. In the case of such non-A causes as house removal conducted by the
government and land or houses overall transfer conducted by Party A, Party B
should move out of the premises in time.
5.Party B should pay Party A the bills for Water and Electricity on the basis of
actual degrees present in water meter and electricity meter monthly.
6. Once Party B pays the rent in accordance with the terms of this agreements,
Party A cannot affect the normal business activities of Party B in any shape or
form. Meanwhile, Party B should do business in accordance with the law. Any
Economic and legal responsibility caused by business activities has nothing to
do with Party A.
7. The two parties should provide convenience for each other as far as
possible based on the good friendly relations and mutual benefits.
8. During the lease term, Party B should keep interior and outdoor clean and neat, and make full preparation for fire prevention and prevention of burglary. (The expenses from "be responsible for general sanitation, green covering and keeping good social order in a designated area outside the unit building " should be payed by Party B.)
9.This contract is signed by the both parties after negotiation. It can’t be changed or terminated willfully unless there is an exceptional circumstance. If so, the party should inform the other a month in advance. Anything not covered in this contract will be discussed separately by both parties.
10.There are 2 originals of this contract. Each party will hold 1 original(s).This contract shall be in effect after it is subscribed.
Lessor(signature): XXXLessee(signature): XXX
翻译英文诗歌范文第4篇
虾仁 Peeled Prawns 龙虾 lobster
小龙虾 crayfish(退缩者)
蟹 crab 蟹足crab claws 小虾(虾米) shrimp 对虾、大虾 prawn (烤)鱿鱼(toast)squid 海参 sea cucumber 扇贝 scallop 鲍鱼 sea-ear abalone 小贝肉cockles 牡蛎oyster 鱼鳞scale 海蜇jellyfish 鳖 海龟turtle 蚬 蛤 clam 鲅鱼 culter 鲳鱼 butterfish 虾籽 shrimp egg
鲢鱼 银鲤鱼chub silver carp 黄花鱼 yellow croaker 鲤鱼carp
常见调理类的英文翻译
调料类(seasonings)：
醋 vinegar 酱油 soy 盐 salt
加碘盐 iodized salt 糖 sugar 白糖 refined sugar 酱 soy sauce 沙拉 salad
辣椒 hot(red)pepper 胡椒 (black)pepper 花椒wild pepper Chinese prickly ash powder 色拉油salad oil
调料 fixing sauce seasoning 砂糖 granulated sugar 红糖 brown sugar 冰糖 Rock Sugar 芝麻 Sesame 芝麻酱 Sesame paste 芝麻油 Sesame oil 咖喱粉curry
番茄酱(汁) ketchup redeye 辣根horseradish
葱 shallot (Spring onions)
姜 ginger 蒜 garlic
料酒 cooking wine 蚝油oyster sauce
枸杞(枇杷,欧查果 ) medlar 八角aniseed 酵母粉yeast barm
Yellow pepper 黄椒
肉桂 cinnamon (在美国十分受欢迎，很多事物都有肉桂料黄油 butter
香草精 vanilla extract(甜点必备) 面粉 flour 洋葱 onion
翻译英文诗歌范文第5篇
Lessor(hereinafter referred to as Party A): XXX
Lessee(hereinafter referred to as Party B): XXX
Party A and B have, in respect of leasing the legitimate premises owned by
Party A to Party B, reached an agreement through friendly consultation to
conclude the following contract under the relevant national laws and
regulations, as well as the relevant stipulations of the city.
Party A will lease to Party B the business premises which is located at following agreements:
1.The lease term is year, it will be from year))___(day)to(year)___(month)(day). Annual rent (RMB) ______
yuan(after-tax).
2. The rent should be paid _____ (it should be paid before using the
premises ). If Party B doesn’t pay the rent within the stipulated period of time,
then Party A will have the right to withdraw the premises.
3. If there is a big change of the market rent, the two parties can negotiate to
adjust the rent.
4. In the case of such non-A causes as house removal conducted by the
government and land or houses overall transfer conducted by Party A, Party B
should move out of the premises in time.
5.Party B should pay Party A the bills for Water and Electricity on the basis of
actual degrees present in water meter and electricity meter monthly.
6. Once Party B pays the rent in accordance with the terms of this agreements,
Party A cannot affect the normal business activities of Party B in any shape or
form. Meanwhile, Party B should do business in accordance with the law. Any
Economic and legal responsibility caused by business activities has nothing to
do with Party A.
7. The two parties should provide convenience for each other as far as
possible based on the good friendly relations and mutual benefits.
8. During the lease term, Party B should keep interior and outdoor clean and neat, and make full preparation for fire prevention and prevention of burglary. (The expenses from "be responsible for general sanitation, green covering and keeping good social order in a designated area outside the unit building " should be payed by Party B.)
9.This contract is signed by the both parties after negotiation. It can’t be changed or terminated willfully unless there is an exceptional circumstance. If so, the party should inform the other a month in advance. Anything not covered in this contract will be discussed separately by both parties.
10.There are 2 originals of this contract. Each party will hold 1 original(s).This contract shall be in effect after it is subscribed.
Lessor(signature): XXXLessee(signature): XXX
翻译英文诗歌范文第6篇
[摘 要]广告英语有别于普通英语,它的词汇简洁别致又富于创新。中英广告英语翻译面临着各国文化和语言差异带来的种种困难,要把国内商品的广告在国外市场做好,吸引更多的国外消费者,除了产品的优良质量和完善的服务之外,广告翻译也至关重要。要在激烈的国际竞争中获得消费者的喜爱,就必须认真研究文化在广告英语中的翻译。
[关键词]广告英语的翻译;中英文化差异;广告特点
广告是跨国界、跨文化的商品营销模式,它面临的不单是语言的转换问题。英语广告就是用英语来表达信息,由于英汉文化在各方面的区别,如传统习惯、法律法规、宗教、经济状况、社会制度等,如果不注意就很容易使译出的广告发生歧义,最终导致产品的滞销。因此,我们在进行翻译时,必须对广告目标市场国的文化特点进行深入思考与调查。本文将从两种不同文化的背景入手,分析中英广告的文化差异,并且以实例对广告英语的翻译提出建议。
1 英汉广告之间的文化差异分析
首先,语音的差异。不同的发音激发人们心理上不同的听觉效果:或柔和,或清脆,或苍劲,或凝重。在不同的文化背景下,相同的发音会引起不同的意义以及反应。如中国一种外销口红品牌“芳芳”,在汉语中这种名称会让人产生无限美好的联想,就像一位青春少女向人们走来,全身盈香。但直接译为汉语拼音“fangfang”,英文读者有恐惧、害怕之感,因为在英语词汇中“fang”有“a snake-poison-tooth”之意,因此,fangfang给外国人的联想不是青春少女,而是致命的毒蛇,其效果可想而知。日本著名的品牌东芝(Toshiba),有句广告词是“东芝(Toshiba),东芝(Toshiba),大家的东西”,如果进入我国的时候直译过来就是“偷去吧,偷去吧,大家的东西”,就会成为笑谈。
其次,语义联想的差异。语言是民族历史和文化背景的表现,同时也是体现民族的生活与思维方式。例如,我们国家有种叫做“白象”牌的电池,在我们这里因为质量好、耐用而闻名天下,出口时翻译成“white elephant”,可以说翻译的百分之百准确,但是却不知道,这个词在英语中恰恰是“没有用的东西”的意思。还有我国上海生产的著名钢笔品牌“白羽”,起初翻译为“white feather”销入美国后却无人问津,后来经过调查才知道原因是美国有句成语“to show the white feather”是临阵脱逃、胆小鬼的意思。
2 广告英语翻译的几点建议
在对英汉广告间差异分析的基础上,我们来探讨一下广告英语翻译的一些建议。
2.1 了解商品特点
商品的特点包括商品的质量、性能、价格和文化情调。此外,还要了解广告的市场,如目标市场广告受众的性别、年龄、受教育程度、兴趣爱好等。还应该考虑广告所包含的信息、广告的媒体、活动以及经费与评估。掌握商品的特点是做好广告翻译的前提。
2.2 了解文化传统
我们尊重不同的国家和民族的忌讳,对于他国千百年来形成的习俗应予以重视和理解。这会直接影响到出口商品的销售与推广。如“牛”在印度被视为神,所以印度人从不吃牛而且很尊重牛,但是在一些其他国家牛是主要的肉食,如果一家快餐店在印度销售牛肉制品结果可想而知;日本人喜欢樱花、乌龟和鸭子,忌讳荷花和狐狸;北非的一些国家很忌讳狗的图案;信奉伊斯兰教的国家忌讳用猪和狗作为广告的图案;日本人忌讳绿色,印度人恰恰喜欢绿色,所以在广告英语的翻译中应充分重视这些问题。
2.3 灵活恰当的转换
为了让不同文化背景的人接受同一种商品,就要对商品的真实情况作恰当的转换。如将“Coca-cola”译为“可口可乐”,这种翻译既利用了谐音,又将喝饮料后一种畅快淋漓的感觉体现出来,同时又接近“可乐”在中国文化中给人的美好联想。这些积极的正面信息,激发出人们购买商品的欲望。Nike、Puma译为“耐克”、“彪马”,朗朗上口,便于记忆的同时体现了体育服饰的结实和耐用。法国香水 Poinson,没有直译为“毒药’,而译为“百爱神”。Giant 自行车译为“捷安特”,喻其安全快捷。以上的这些广告技巧巧妙地将促销与中国的传统文化联系在一起,迎合了中国人的品位。许多外国产品在中国畅销,它们的优美汉语翻译在一定程度上起到了很大的帮助。我国的“紫罗兰”牌男衬衣,在出口时受挫,是因为其译文“pansy ”所引起的歧义,“pansy ”的原意为没有丈夫气的男子或同性恋者。这对商品的出口造成了很大的损失。
2.4 再创造性翻译
再创造是指已经脱离翻译范畴重新创造。在我们生活中,有些广告已经深入人心,拥有众所周知的中英两个版本,中文版本和英文版本在字面意思上很少有相似之处,但是确实被认为是英文文本的翻译。这种就是再创造性的翻译,比如说诺基亚的广告“Connecting People”翻译成“科技以人为本”;雀巢咖啡的广告“Good to the last drop”翻译成“滴滴香浓,意犹未尽!”这些广告就是再创造性的精品,意境深远。
3 结 论
广告活动不仅是一种经济活动,还是一种文化交流,它像一只无形的手左右着人们的生活方式和消费习惯。商品本身就是一种文化载体,文化通过商品传播,商品通过文化而增值。如今很多广告是跨国界、跨文化的商品营销的宣传形式,它面临的不单是语言的转换问题,而且还承载着文化交流和开拓市场的使命。如今国际广告的新动向已经由“全球化”转为“全球本土化”,要求翻译保持民族文化的精神,如果只简单地把国内成功的广告翻译成进口国文字直接搬出去,后果往往是不好的,因为“文化只有是民族的,才是世界的”!
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